Signs and Symptoms

• Fatigue, general malaise, reduced appetite
• Weight changes
• Facial swelling (in the mornings) and lower limb swelling (in the afternoon)
• Symptoms related to rheumatologic conditions (skin rash, joint pain, joint stiffness)
• Cough, shortness of breath

• Changes in the aspect of the urine (foamy) or color (red, tea-colored)
• Recent illness (pharyngitis and upper respiratory infections) or frequent episodes of fever (lymphoma, malignancies)
• Medications and herbal/folk medicines
• llicit drugs use and risk factors for STD in adolescent and adults (HIV, syphilis)
• UTI in the past (reflux nephropathy)
• Family history of renal, rheumatological diseases or hearing loss.

• General:
  • Hypertension
  • Growth and development
• HEENT
  • Periorbital edema
  • Malar rash
• Chest:
  • Pericardial or pleural effusions
• Abdomen:
  • Ascites
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Abdominal masses/organomegaly
• Genitalia:
  • Scrotal edema
  • Ambiguous genitalia (Dennys-Drash syndrome)
• Skin:
  • Purpuric or petechial rash (leukemia, lymphomas)
  • Pallor (malignancies, chronic renal failure, HUS)
  • Angiokeratomas (Fabry disease)
• Extremities:
  • Pitting edema
  • Arthralgias/Arthritis
  • Dystrophic nails