| By Topic![[collapse]](images/m/index_collapse.gif) Neoplasms![[file]](images/m/file.gif) Androgen deprivation therapy associated with increased risk of fracture, DM, CVD death- Annual mammography starting at 40 doesn't lower breast CA mortality
 - Antioxidants don't prevent colorectal cancer
- Aspirin prevents colon cancer
- Cancer risk reduced with vitamin D/calcium supplementation
- Cancer trials not generalizable to real world
- Chewing gum hastens bowel motility and shortens hospital stay after colorectal surgery
- Clinical rule to diagnose PCOS more accurately
- Colon cancer screening may be beneficial for Lynch syndrome
- Colon CA unlikely if unexplained anemia but ferritin >100 ng/mL
- Colonoscopy interval of at least 5 years is safe
- Combined ultrasound + mammogram for high-risk women increases cancer yield
- CT colonography detects 85% of large polyps in patients at increased risk of colon cancer
- CT colonography detects 90% of large polyps under optimal conditions
- CT colonography less accurate with small polyps
- CT colonography similar to colonoscopy at detecting advanced lesions
- CT finds early lung Ca but carries risk (PLuSS)
- Diet high in vegetables, fruit and fiber/low in fat does not reduce risk of recurrent breast CA
- Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents increase risk of VTE/death in CA patients
- Erythropoiesis stimulation increases death risk in cancer patients
- Esophageal cancer occurs in 7/1000 per year
- Fecal DNA testing = Hemoccult Sensa for colon cancer screening
- Fecal immunochemical testing more sensitive than guaiac testing
- Folic acid does not reduce risk of colorectal adenomas
- Guideline: Mammography optional in women 40-49
- Harms outweigh benefits of aspirin/NSAID for colon cancer prevention
- Hep C infection increases risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- High false positive rate in repeated, multimodal screening for cancers (PLCO)
- Hormones + radiation decrease mortality compared with radiation in prostate cancer
- HPV DNA screening detects CIN3 and cancer earlier
- HPV screening more accurate than Pap (CCCaST)
- HPV testing accurate to rule out residual CIN
- HRT associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer
- Incidental findings common on brain MRI in adults
- Increased health risk in long-term survivors of childhood cancer
- Lenalidomide effective for relapsed multiple myeloma
- Liquid-based = conventional cervical cytology
- Long-term vitamins do not prevent lung cancer
- Low-cost manual liquid cytology feasible
- Low hCG in peri- and postmenopausal women normal
- Low risk of residual CIN after treatment if HPV negative
- Lubricant does not interfere with Pap smears
- Mammography identifies many women who will not benefit from treatment
- Melanoma risk 0.7% in congenital melanocytic nevi
- Methylphenidate, hematopoietic agents helpful in cancer-related fatigue
- Mifepristone effective tx for bleeding due to fibroids
- No increased CVD, breast CA risk (or fracture prevention) 3 yrs after HRT
- No stirrups preferred for pelvic exam
- Obesity does not predict survival after radical prostatectomy
- OCs associated with long-term reduction in ovarian cancer risk
- OCs not associated with overall cancer risk
- Pedigree identifies hereditary breast cancer syndromes
- Postcoital bleeding of limited use in determining cervical cancer risk
- Preterm birth increased after treatment for CIN
- Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy reduces ovarian cancer risk
- Quadrivalent HPV vaccine prevents CIN 2/3, anogenital warts (FUTURE II)
- Quality of life varies after different prostate cancer treatments
- Raloxifene and tamoxifen equally effective in reducing breast CA risk
- Raloxifene decreases breast CA risk, no effect on CVD risk (RUTH)
- Selective use of FNAB is a good option for small thyroid nodule
- Sentinel node biopsy = less lymphedema, better QOL (ALMANAC)
- Spiral CT detects early lung cancer, but screening use is premature
- Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at long-term increased cancer risk
- Sustained effects of false-positive mammogram results
- Switching to digital mammography for all is too costly
- Transdermal testosterone does not improve libido in female cancer survivors
- Ureteral stents not effective, increase symptoms
- USPSTF: No colon cancer screening after age 75 years
- USPSTF: No PSA screening in men 75 years and older
- Uterine-artery embolization reasonable alternative to surgery for fibroids
- VTE: Up to 10% with unexplained embolus will have cancer
- Yield for CRC screening: colonoscopy > flex sig >> FOBT
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