Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 continues to impact on smallholder livelihoods, to constrain development of the poultry production sector, and to cause occasional human fatalities. HPAI H5N1 outbreaks have occurred in a variety of ecological systems with economic, agricultural and environmental differences. This review aimed to identify common risk factors amongst spatial modelling studies conducted in these different agro-ecological systems, and to identify gaps in our understanding of the disease's spatial epidemiology. Three types of variables with similar statistical association with HPAI H5N1 presence across studies and regions were identified: domestic waterfowl, several anthropogenic variables (human population density, distance to roads) and indicators of water presence. Variables on socio-economic conditions, poultry trade, wild bird distribution and movements were comparatively rarely considered. Few studies have analysed the HPAI H5N1 distribution in countries such as Egypt and Indonesia, where HPAIV H5N1 continues to circulate extensively.

Links

Publisher Full Text

Authors

Gilbert M, Pfeiffer DU

Institution

Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, av FD Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. mgilbert@ulb.ac.be

Source

Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology 3:3 2012 Sep pg 173-83

MeSH

Animals
Birds
Cluster Analysis
Disease Outbreaks
Ecosystem
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
Influenza in Birds
Influenza, Human
Models, Theoretical
Poultry
Risk Factors
Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22749203