Bioelectronic implants for brain stimulation are widely used to treat neurological disorders and promote neuronal repair; however, their clinical application is limited by invasive surgical implantation. To address this challenge, here, platelet membrane-decorated gold yarnballs double as a brain antenna and a miniaturized chemo-electrical reactor for neuron electric stimulus and gas-controlled release in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The platform consists of a nitric oxide (NO) donor-functionalized platelet membrane (PMNO) conjugated onto a gold yarnball nanoparticle (GNP). Upon exposure to an external high-frequency magnetic field (HFMF), the conductive GNP generates eddy currents that electrically stimulate neural regeneration while simultaneously triggering controlled NO release from PMNO. This dual-mode stimulation enhances neurogenesis, suppresses astrocyte activation, and promotes angiogenesis at the injury site, leading to significantly improved synaptic differentiation and neurite outgrowth of neural stem cells (NSCs). In vivo studies show that combined wireless electrical stimulation and NO signaling suppress inflammation, enhance vascularization, and promote neuronal regeneration in TBI. Behavioral analyses further reveal improved motor coordination and functional recovery in treated mice. The system offers a noninvasive alternative to implanted bioelectronic devices.

We investigate the low-temperature (40 K) oxidation behavior of size-selected molybdenum clusters supported on epitaxial graphene. By combining high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with first-principles density functional theory, we demonstrate that subnanometric clusters can break the stoichiometric ceiling of bulk transition-metal oxides. Quantitative agreement between experiment and theory is achieved only when the clusters accommodate an unusually high oxygen content, with metal-to-oxygen ratios reaching up to Mo:O = 1:5, far exceeding the 1:3 limit of bulk oxide MoO3. This superstoichiometric regime is a consequence of coordination plasticity, where the molybdenum framework undergoes pronounced structural expansion to stable tetrahedral MoO4 motifs that are energetically inaccessible in extended solids. We provide compelling evidence that this process is mediated by photon-driven structural fluxionality: with kinetic energies exceeding 10 eV, secondary electrons generated during photoemission represent the only source to provide the vibrational excitations necessary to overcome the thermal constraint for structural transformation, allowing the clusters to disrupt the atomic connectivity and reach low-energy isomer configurations characterized by large structural expansion. Furthermore, atomic valence, rather than formal oxidation state, provides a physically meaningful and transferable descriptor for interpreting the main trend in core electron binding energy shifts in nanoscale disordered systems. These findings reveal a fundamentally non-bulk oxidation mechanism governed by non-thermal energy-activated structural dynamics, outlining a strategy for engineering oxygen-rich reactive sites at the ultimate size limit.

The inflammation-related tissue injury repair is still a challenge, in which the metabolic disturbance of macrophages induces cascade amplification of inflammatory mediators and hinders tissue repair. Herein, we developed covalently self-assembled poly(dopamine-silicon) nanoparticles (DS NPs) that integrate enzyme-mimetic catalysis with bioactive ion release to achieve sequential redox modulation and metabolic immune regulation in infected wounds and lung injury models. The covalent linkage reorganized dopamine into a stable amorphous network, preventing π-π stacking and exposing reactive catechol groups, thereby enhancing antioxidant and superoxide dismutase-like activities, which efficiently eliminated reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and corrected oxidative imbalance. Meanwhile, DS NPs supported mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and modulated macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype with an 89% reduction in TNF-α expression. The immunometabolic reprogramming promoted the transition from inflammation to regeneration, while the sustained release of bioactive silicate ions synergistically promoted angiogenesis by upregulating ANG expression in HUVECs by 2.06-fold. As a proof of concept, in MRSA-infected wound and the early inflammatory stage of acute lung injury models, DS NPs suppressed cytokine overexpression, accelerated re-epithelialization, and restored microvascular integrity. This work demonstrates a biomimetic hybrid platform that can integrate modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and tissue regeneration, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for early intervention in inflammation-associated tissue injuries.

Typical thermoelectric phenomena require a junction between two dissimilar or chemically/electrically modified materials with different Seebeck coefficients, where temperature gradients generate a voltage (Seebeck effect) and applied electrical currents induce localized heating/cooling (Peltier effect). Here we show that periodic geometrical patterning alone is sufficient to generate spatially extended thermoelectric responses, such as the Seebeck coefficient, governed by a characteristic thermoelectric relaxation length, without requiring compositional modification or heterojunctions. Specifically, we found that the Seebeck coefficient, the key parameter governing thermoelectric performance, can be engineered over arbitrarily shaped, large-area regions of a uniform two-dimensional (2D) material through geometrical patterning. The modification of the Seebeck coefficient extends exponentially from the geometric discontinuity with a characteristic "decay length", dTE ∼ 0.4 μm. By constructing nanopatterns of voids with pitch smaller than dTE, we effectively achieve a thermoelectric effect without material "junctions", providing alternative routes to manipulate the directionality of thermoelectric response in diverse scaled 2D devices for nanoelectronics, photodetectors, sensors and energy applications.

High-pressure chemistry, capable of modulating material structures and properties under extreme thermodynamic conditions, has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing nanoresearch. Semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit distinctive size- and shape-dependent physicochemical properties arising from strong quantum confinement effects. However, conventional ambient-pressure strategies for controlling their structure and luminescent behavior face inherent limitations. This review comprehensively surveys advances in high-pressure nanocrystal research spanning 2016 to 2025, with concentrated coverage of breakthrough discoveries published between 2020 and 2025. Our core scope centers on luminescent nanocrystal systems, namely chalcogenides, core-shell quantum dots, and halide perovskites. To deliver a well-rounded overview, we additionally incorporate relevant progress on ligand-capped nanoparticles and magnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystals. The discussion is organized into five interrelated thematic modules: (i) pressure-induced structural phase transitions; (ii) pressure-regulated nanocrystal morphology and assembly; (iii) pressure-driven surface engineering of nanocrystals; (iv) pressure engineering of core-shell nanocrystal interfaces; and (v) pressure-induced emission. We elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of high pressure, including the modulation of structure, enhancement of surface interactions, optimization of interfacial coupling, and formation of self-trapped excitons (STE). Additionally, this review highlights the application of high-pressure techniques in resolving long-standing ambient-pressure controversies in nanocrystal luminescence mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and outlook of high-pressure chemistry toward the modulation of the structures and properties of nanocrystals are summarized. We sincerely hope that this review will provide guidance for the rational design and precise modulation of high-performance nanomaterials, and further promote the cross-development of high-pressure chemistry and nanomaterials science.

Meniscus-confined electrochemical deposition (MCED) enables highly localized material synthesis, transformation, and surface modification. The Perspective highlights scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) as a highly versatile MCED platform. While primarily developed for electrochemical imaging, SECCM also functions as a direct-write tool capable of producing complex architectures and probing associated localized electrochemical phenomena. We focus on a concise technical overview to position SECCM within a broader MCED landscape. We then examine its application across key material processes: metal and metal alloy deposition, surface functionalization and reagent delivery, and polymer synthesis. In each case, SECCM not only enables material fabrication or dissolution with high spatiotemporal control but is also capable of revealing nanoscale mechanistic insights from the analysis of the electrochemical response and/or the use of integrated capability, such as complementary microscopy. By framing SECCM as a fabrication platform, this work aims to connect the SECCM and MCED communities and encourage interdisciplinary adoption. We discuss emerging opportunities in device integration, materials design, and fundamental electrochemistry as well as key practical challenges while outlining future directions for expanding the capability of SECCM as a nanoscale manufacturing tool.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and have the potential to serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, most EV isolation methods often require large sample volumes and specialized instruments or involve trade-offs between purity, yield, cost, and scalability. We developed MagPEG, a workflow that combines poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-mediated EV aggregation with magnetic beads to provide a simple, reproducible alternative to ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and commercial precipitation kits. Our optimization experiments clarified the PEG concentration, ionic strength, and bead surface chemistry that collectively influence EV aggregation, capture efficiency, and contaminant coprecipitation, allowing us to define conditions that improve purity while maintaining high recovery. Compared with commonly used methods, MagPEG produced EVs with comparable size distribution, EV markers, and proteomic profiles while relying only on standard laboratory supplies. A key feature of the platform is that EVs and EV-associated DNA, RNA, and proteins can be sequentially extracted from the same bead-bound material, reducing sample loss and hands-on time and enabling multiomic analysis for limited clinical or small animal samples. MagPEG is compatible with downstream applications including proteomics, bead-based assays, and miRNA quantification. When applied to human serum, the method supported high-throughput EV proteomic profiling and enabled the identification of Alzheimer's disease-associated protein signatures, illustrating its utility for biomarker discovery. Overall, our results establish MagPEG as a powerful, rapid, scalable, and high-throughput solution for translational applications in biomarker discovery.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have emerged as potential candidates for resistive random-access memory (RRAM) owing to their structural robustness and highly tunable electronic configurations. In this study, a transition-metal HEO thin film composed of Ca, Ti, Sr, Ta, Nb, and O was integrated into Au/HEO-based RRAM devices that exhibited a low SET voltage, fast switching speed (30 ns), and long data retention time (104 s). The underlying resistive switching mechanism was uncovered by employing in situ transmission electron microscopy to observe the real-time structural evolution under an electrical bias. A localized monoclinic-to-cubic symmetry transition was observed during the SET process. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy analyses revealed cationic rearrangements and Ti/Nb redox interactions accompanied by the generation of oxygen vacancies. These results establish the redox-structure-coupled mechanism for understanding resistive switching in complex oxides. In addition, the HEO-based memristors exhibit stable switching characteristics and synaptic plasticity, highlighting their feasibility for next-generation memory and neuromorphic applications.

Inflammatory arthritis is a chronic immune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation, pain, and progressive joint destruction, yet most current therapies focus on the regulation of a single pathological process or symptom. In the present work, we report the establishment of self-assembled strontium-caffeic acid nanoparticles (CA-Sr NPs) through metal-polyphenol coordination, which function as an integrated neuro-immune-bone modulator for inflammatory arthritis therapy. By coupling redox catalysis with TRPV1-associated Ca2+ antagonism and Sr2+-enabled osteoregulation, CA-Sr NPs exhibit combined effects of sustained reactive oxygen species scavenging and enhanced regulation of the Ca2+-permeable TRPV1 channel on macrophages and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, thus repolarizing macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype and suppressing the pathological Ca2+ influx and neuronal hyperexcitability, respectively. Meanwhile, CA-Sr NPs promote osteoblast activity while inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. In the Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced murine arthritis model, CA-Sr NPs markedly alleviated multiple inflammatory arthritis symptoms, including joint swelling, pain, and bone erosion. Collectively, this study highlights highly promising therapeutic potentials of CA-Sr NPs for inflammatory arthritis management and broadens the scope of metal-phenolic nanocatalysts toward treating neuro-immune-bone disorders.

With the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), secure authentication has become paramount for safeguarding the digital ecosystem against spoofing attacks and privacy breaches. Optical and acoustic modalities currently dominate biometric authentication; however, they remain inherently vulnerable to environmental interference. Here, we report ultrathin (<50 nm), substrate-free gold nanoplatelet skins that conform intimately to finger-knuckle wrinkles, enabling dynamic and nontransferable wearable authentication. Unlike light- or sound-based systems, these nanocrystal skins generate unique resistive signatures that are insensitive to optical and acoustic perturbations. Fabricated from additive-free, polystyrene-capped gold nanoplatelets, the conformal films establish gapless skin-electronic interfaces that replicate knuckle microtopography with high fidelity. This intimate coupling is the key to converting bending-release motions into finger-specific electrical signatures that are unattainable with the corresponding substrate-supported, nonconformal system. Integrated with a deep-learning framework, the two-finger nanoplatelet skin achieves near-perfect authentication accuracy. Our findings indicate that substrate-free nanocrystal skins could enable next-generation wearable biometric authentication, advancing hardware-level security for the digital world.

Scaling self-driving laboratories expands the space of discoverable phenomena but also increases operational complexity, semantic heterogeneity, and decision dependencies that can erode controllability, interpretability, and functional coherence. We define this scale-induced disorder as system entropy and have developed an engineering framework to manage it in AIchem. Hardware-software codesign, layered modularity, capability abstraction and skill encapsulation organize heterogeneous research objects, instruments, computational tools, and algorithms into programmable, composable units linked by closed-loop task and data flows. AIchem spans more than 2,600 m2, with 605 registered workstations supporting batteries, catalysis, biochemistry, and functional materials and has handled more than 10,000 research task dispatches. These deployment and use measures outline a practical route for building intelligent research infrastructure at scale.

Chemical interface damping (CID) provides an important indicator of plasmon-induced direct charge transfer, but the role of molecular redox states in controlling this process remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate CID in individual methyl viologen (MV)-modified gold nanorods using single-particle hyper-spectroelectrochemistry. Correlated single-particle scattering measurements show a pronounced plasmon resonance energy (Eres) dependence and strong CID under reduction potentials, while both the Eres dependence and CID magnitude are weaker under oxidation potentials. Our model suggests that resonant charge transfer channels are energetically allowed for both MV redox states, but their distinct redox-dependent responses originate from differences in the broadening of adsorbate-derived interfacial states, which govern both the magnitude and the Eres dependence of CID. These results illustrate that electrochemical redox control can tune plasmon-induced direct charge transfer by modulating not only energetic alignment but also by broadening interfacial states resulting from Au-adsorbate coupling. This work highlights redox-dependent interfacial state engineering as a promising strategy for enhancing plasmon-induced direct charge transfer chemistry.

Understanding the intricate interplay between electronic and lattice dynamics is indispensable for controlling photoinduced functionality in correlated oxides. Here, we investigate the ultrafast relaxation pathways in textured LaFeO3 using femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) absorption spectroscopy at the iron 3p edge. These nanosheets facilitate oriented perovskite growth on the amorphous Si3N4 membrane, giving rise to local epitaxy while preserving XUV transparency. By combining table-top time-resolved measurements with crystal-field multiplet calculations, we track the evolution from rapid ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excitation to a lattice-stabilized polaronic state. The early-time response is dominated by the population of a mixed charge-transfer state with pronounced t2g3eg3 (5E) character, which indicates the initial electronic redistribution that follows photoexcitation. On subpicosecond time scales, the emergence of lattice-assisted carrier localization leads to partial charge localization and a lowering of the symmetry of Fe3+ sites. These changes suggest the formation of a polaronic state. At later delays, the transient spectra are governed by distorted Fe3+ configurations with residual charge-transfer character, without evidence for long-lived Fe2+ formation. Comparison with α-Fe2O3 reveals distinct material dependence in both charge-transfer relaxation and polaron-formation dynamics, demonstrating the roles of lattice topology and iron-oxygen covalency.

Fungal biofilm infections pose a serious and growing threat to human health. To address this challenge, we developed a multifunctional nanoplatform (ASE@B NPs) that integrates a second near-infrared (NIR-II) photothermal agent, biofilm-targeting anti-microbial function, and photothermally triggered nitric oxide (NO) release. This system enables precise targeting of the infected microenvironment through a carrier containing acid-responsive segments, thereby achieving combined anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects against fungal biofilms. A key to this advance was the enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) via molecular engineering of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active NIR-II luminogens. By shifting the donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) configuration from symmetric to asymmetric, we successfully converted their emission behavior from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) to AIE. Furthermore, by leveraging the acidic biofilm microenvironment and negatively charged surfaces of fungal cells, we employed an amphiphilic polymer carrier incorporating a weak acid-responsive charge-reversal moiety. This carrier was coloaded with a photothermal-responsive NO prodrug (BNN6) and the AIE luminogen. The resulting nanoplatform exhibits a negative surface charge under physiological conditions, ensuring prolonged blood circulation and biosafety, while switching to a positive charge in acidic biofilms to promote penetration and fungal binding. Collectively, this multifunctional nanoplatform enables efficient biofilm disruption and microenvironment reprogramming, offering a promising theranostic strategy for combating drug-resistant fungal infections.

Lithium metal anodes are pivotal for next-generation all-solid-state batteries due to their ultrahigh energy density and intrinsic safety. Nonetheless, practical deployment is impeded by cycling-induced solid electrolyte interphase reconstruction, which leads to lithium dendrite proliferation and interfacial failure. Here, the redox-mediated interphase is constructed to stabilize the lithium interface in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the interfacial redox reorientation is governed by a charge-compensated mechanism involving correlated electronic and coordination evolution of Bi- and S-related interfacial species. The interplay of Li3Bi and Li3PS4 species triggers the spontaneous assembly of a dual-layer interphase: an inner lithophilic Li3Bi layer and an outer electron-blocking Li3ClO/LiCl layer. The configuration evolves through a kinetically favored Bi3+ → Bi0 reduction alongside Li3Bi alloying, promoting uniform Li deposition and stripping. The resulting Li-symmetric cell delivers a critical current density of 3 mA cm-2 and exhibits stable cycling at 1 mA cm-2. The results demonstrate that redox reorientation can not only drive structural adaptation of the interphase but also modulate its composition to stabilize the Li metal interface.