- Comparing the real-world effectiveness of oral corticosteroids and antifungals for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 30. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: Combination OCS/antifungal therapy was not associated with greater improvements in lung function or reduced risk of pulmonary exacerbations or clinical relapse compared to OCS monotherapy.
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- Association of Antifibrotic Dosing Patterns With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Real-World Data Sources. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 29. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with IPF, antifibrotic dose reductions and discontinuations were common, likely due to poor drug tolerability. Disease progression occurred in a substantial proportion of patients in both cohorts, regardless of antifibrotic dosing strategy, highlighting the ongoing need for more effective and better-tolerated IPF therapies.
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- Optimization of Pharmacist Medication Management and Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 29. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: Increasing pharmacist-to-patient ratios and the absence of pharmacist CMM every day were both associated with increased in-hospital mortality.
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- Longitudinal analysis of key factors associated with health-related quality of life in childhood interstitial lung disease. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 29. [Online ahead of print]Chest
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- Effect of ondansetron on respiratory drive in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 29. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron reduces the respiratory drive in invasively mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS.
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- Comparative Short-Term Prognostic Discrimination of the 2026 AHA/ACC and 2019 ESC Risk Classifications in Hospitalized Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Two-Campus Cohort Study. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 29. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: Under inpatient care, the AHA/ACC categories showed greater full-spectrum ordinal separation and identified a phenotype with substantial observed mortality risk that was not classified as ESC high risk. Attenuation within the central severity range indicated that the difference was spectrum dependent.The findings suggest that broader severity phenotyping may identify clinically important discordance while remaining limited to prognostic performance under observed care.
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- Biological phenotypes of alveolar injury and immune failure predict mortality in non-HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a Spanish multicentre cohort study. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 28. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: Two universally available admission markers define an ordered mortality gradient and a high-risk convergent phenotype in non-HIV PJP, supporting early bedside risk stratification and phenotype-stratified investigation of adjunctive therapies.
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- Cough function during mechanical ventilation. [Review]Chest. 2026 Sep 25. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: This narrative review aims to decipher the mechanisms underlying the cough reflex, outline the pathophysiological alterations observed in critically ill patients, particularly during the weaning process, and examine the available methods for cough quantification.
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- Safety of Age-Adjusted and Clinical Probability-Adjusted D-dimer Cut-offs in Suspected Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 25. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic failure rate of adaptive strategies for the diagnosis of acute PE is acceptably low, also in patients with a D-dimer in the adaptive window.
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- Pulmonary Artery Dilation on Chest CT Across the Spectrum of Chronic Lung Disease. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 24. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- Pulmonary artery (PA) dilation on CT has been associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in subjects without lung disease using outdated PH criteria. The relationship between PA size and PH in chronic lung disease is unclear.
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- Continuing ECMO without Potential Recovery, Transplant, or Device. [Review]Chest. 2026 Sep 24. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a temporary bridge to recovery, transplant or durable device implant is widely accepted. Major unease remains for patients already on ECMO progressing in ways that preclude recovery, transplantation, or device. A substantial number of clinicians argue that when a patient no longer qualifies for recovery, transplantation, or device; ECMO sho…
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- Epithelial injury and inflammatory phenotypes for personalized ventilation in ARDS: Secondary analysis of the LIVE trial. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 23. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: In ARDS, epithelial injury assessed by plasma sRAGE may identify heterogeneity of treatment effect with lung recruitment, whereas inflammatory phenotypes remained prognostic for mortality.
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- The Role of Regret in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Candidacy Decision-Making. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 21. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that regret plays an influential role in how candidacy decisions are made, which may partly explain known inconsistencies in candidacy decisions within centers.
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- Changes in Inhaled Antibiotic Associated lung function outcomes in the CFTR-Modulator Era. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 21. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: The risk of treatment emergent infections was highest in Pa negative pwCF who conversely did not have antibiotic-associated benefit on lung function. For pwCF with chronic Pa the antibiotic-associated benefit decreased as CFTR-modulator use increased.
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- Time-Normalized Anti-Aspergillus IgG Kinetics for Monitoring Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis Progression. [Journal Article]Chest. 2026 Sep 21. [Online ahead of print]Chest
- CONCLUSIONS: Time-normalized anti-Aspergillus IgG kinetics were higher during worsening CPA, although cluster-adjusted uncertainty was substantial. A marked increase may serve as an exploratory rule-in signal prompting expedited imaging and microbiological reassessment, but values below the threshold should not exclude progression or delay evaluation. External validation is required before clinical implementation. These findings support the integration of quantitative serological kinetics into multimodal CPA monitoring strategies.
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