(Cochrane Database Syst Rev[TA])
17,455 results
  • Larger versus smaller red blood cell volume per transfusion in hospitalized adults, children and preterm neonates. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 23; 7:CD015898.Roumeliotis N, Sabbagh G, … Lacroix JCD
  • CONCLUSIONS: In adults, when comparing two units of RBCs (larger volume) to one unit of RBCs (smaller volume) for a single transfusion event, there was no difference in mortality, length of hospital stay or TAAEs, albeit with low or very low-certainty evidence. However, it reduced the number of required RBC units. The results indicate that a larger transfusion volume confers no clinical benefit over a smaller, more restrictive transfusion strategy (lower transfusion volume), but may lead to a higher amount of blood administered. Given the adverse events associated with RBC transfusion and the resource limitation of the allogeneic blood supply, it is reasonable to support the recommendations for single unit RBC transfusion per transfusion event in adults. In children, evidence is still too limited to be able to make a recommendation on an RBC volume.
  • Publisher Full Text (DOI)
  • Interventions for replacing missing teeth: zygomatic implants for the rehabilitation of the severely atrophic edentulous maxilla. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 23; 7:CD004151.Visconti RF, Greco K, … Esposito MA
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  • CONCLUSIONS: At three years, zygomatic implants probably reduce time to rehabilitation compared with bone grafting (1.34 versus 444.32 days). They probably reduce implant failures and probably increase the risk of complications. Zygomatic implants may reduce prosthetic failures, but the estimates are imprecise. The effect on patient satisfaction remains uncertain. Compared with piezoelectric surgery, rotary drills probably reduce implant placement time. For prosthetic failures, implant failures, complications, and patient preference, piezoelectric surgery may have little to no effect, and important benefit or harm cannot be ruled out because of very wide confidence intervals. Implant site preparation with piezoelectric surgery is probably slower and may not always be feasible in the presence of very dense bone. Overall, the evidence base for both comparisons is limited and is affected by imprecision, which restricts the confidence with which these findings can be applied in clinical settings. More well-designed RCTs are needed to reduce the current uncertainty.
  • Publisher Full Text (DOI)
  • Preoperative physical exercise training for people scheduled for major abdominal surgery. [Journal Article]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 23; 7:CD010122.Siemes LJ, Timmerman H, … supported by The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group
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  • This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of physical prehabilitation (i.e. exercise-based interventions delivered before surgery) alone or as part of a multimodal programme compared with no exercise-based intervention, usual care, or a different intervention in people undergoing major abdominal surgery.
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  • Nucleic acid-based therapies for people with cystic fibrosis. [Journal Article]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 23; 7:CD016370.Addy C, Johl N, … Cochrane Cystic FibrosisCD
  • This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of nucleic acid-based therapies in people with CF of any age and any genotype.
  • Publisher Full Text (DOI)
  • Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 23; 7:CD007912.Hall M, Lawford BJ, … Bennell KLCD
  • CONCLUSIONS: Compared with attention control or placebo, exercise may have little to no effect on pain and may improve physical function slightly. There was no evidence for quality of life or participant-reported treatment success. Exercise may have little to no effect on withdrawals. Evidence regarding adverse events is very uncertain. Compared with no treatment, usual care or limited education, exercise probably improves pain and physical function slightly, although these effects are unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Exercise probably has little to no effect on quality of life and may have little to no effect on participant-reported treatment success or withdrawals. Evidence regarding adverse events is very uncertain. Exercise plus a co-intervention (A), compared to the co-intervention (A) alone, probably has little to no effect on pain, physical function, quality of life, and study withdrawals, and may have little to no effect on participant-reported treatment success. Exercise probably reduces the risk of adverse events slightly.
  • Publisher Full Text (DOI)
  • Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 22; 7:CD000510.Beijers RJ, Alonso-Fernández S, … supported by the Cochrane Neonatal Group
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  • CONCLUSIONS: Studies of prophylactic surfactant administration in infants at risk of developing RDS that were conducted prior to widespread use of maternal prenatal steroids and routine early stabilization on CPAP demonstrated a decreased risk of mortality and slight reduction in pneumothorax compared with selective surfactant use in infants with established RDS. However, larger trials that reflect current neonatal care practices do not support this finding. Instead, they show that, compared with selective surfactant administration in infants stabilized on CPAP, prophylactic surfactant likely results in little to no difference in the risk of chronic lung disease and slightly increases mortality.
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  • Minimally invasive trabecular meshwork surgery for open-angle glaucoma. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 21; 7:CD015186.Vemulapalli K, Gandhewar R, … Gazzard GCD
  • CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence is of low or very low certainty, and we are therefore able to draw only weak, uncertain conclusions about the effects of SC-MIGS. There may be little to no difference in the proportion of participants who are medication-free in the short, medium, or long term between SC-MIGS and non-MIGS surgical treatment. SC-MIGS may demonstrate a higher proportion of participants to be medication-free in the short term compared to phacoemulsification surgery alone; however, there may be a higher risk of bleeding. SC-MIGS may also be associated with a greater reduction in mean IOP compared to laser treatment.
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  • Venepuncture versus heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 17; 7:CD001452.Martins G, Fiander M, … Shah VS
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  • CONCLUSIONS: Based on moderate-certainty evidence, venepuncture probably reduces pain during the procedure and the need for more than one skin puncture compared to heel lance when no sweet-tasting solution is used. When sweet-tasting solutions are administered, venepuncture may reduce pain during the procedure compared to heel lance, based on low-certainty evidence. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of venepuncture compared to heel lance on the number of skin punctures required in the presence of sweet-tasting solutions. This is due to the small sample size, and hence we could not draw any meaningful conclusions. Further high-quality studies are needed, particularly in settings where sweet-tasting solutions are used, to better understand the comparative effectiveness of venepuncture and heel lance for neonatal blood sampling.
  • Publisher Full Text (DOI)
  • Topical cyclosporine A therapy for dry eye disease. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 17; 7:CD010051.Priyadarshini SR, Sadhu S, … Li T
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  • CONCLUSIONS: Low-certainty evidence suggests that topical CsA may improve DED symptoms and certain clinical signs compared with vehicle or artificial tears. However, results for DED symptoms and tear parameters were inconsistent and highly heterogeneous. Higher CsA concentrations were associated with increased treatment discontinuation. Future studies should stratify DED by subtype and severity, compare formulations, and assess long-term benefit and harm.
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  • Non-surgical treatment for lower limb apophyseal injuries. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 15; 7:CD015156.Williams CM, Krommes K, … Thorborg K
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  • CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for non-surgical treatment of lower limb apophyseal injuries is limited. We rated it mostly low to very low certainty. The studies included in this review had heterogeneous outcomes, which restricted meaningful synthesis. Outcomes were primarily focused on pain, physical function, or activity participation, and the studies did not specifically target children who had persistent symptoms of apophysitis causing functional limitations. None of the trials measured quality of life, even though cohort studies have previously reported that apophyseal injuries can impact this long-term. Nor did the trials examine economic impacts, despite the costs of non-surgical treatments for apophyseal conditions to families and healthcare systems.
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  • Blood pressure management in reperfused ischemic stroke. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 14; 7:CD016085.Varela LB, Escobar Liquitay CM, … Garegnani LICD
  • CONCLUSIONS: Intensive systolic blood pressure management likely results in little to no clinically meaningful differences in quality of life, clinical function (continuous outcome), neurologic status (continuous outcome; NIHSS), or hospital length of stay. It also results in little to no clinically meaningful difference in clinical function (dichotomous) and does not increase or reduce neurologic adverse events. Additionally, it may result in little to no clinically meaningful difference in symptomatic neurologic adverse events and other adverse events. Lastly, it probably reduces the number of participants with a favorable neurologic status (dichotomous outcome) and probably increases all-cause mortality. The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low to high. New studies must identify which patients benefit from different blood pressure strategies through subgroup analyses based on age, baseline blood pressure, and stroke severity, while reporting sex-disaggregated data. Including imaging and physiological markers can help set individualized blood pressure targets. Future trials should involve participants from low- and middle-income countries and consider factors such as access to reperfusion therapy and drug availability.
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  • Restorative materials for direct coronal restoration of permanent posterior teeth: an overview of systematic reviews. [Systematic Review]
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Jul 14; 7:CD016279.Lewis SR, Walsh T, … Clarkson JE
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  • CONCLUSIONS: Most evidence compared bulk-fill with incremental-layered RBC; there is probably no difference between these materials in restoration failure. Although we found evidence of fewer restoration failures with dental amalgam than RBC, this may not be comparable to contemporary practice owing to changes in properties of RBC materials and practitioner experience. We identified few economic evaluations to provide strong conclusions to support the clinical effectiveness findings for mercury-free restorative materials. Regarding implications for policy and practice, little evidence in this overview is from general practice. The results of clinical effectiveness should be considered alongside cost, acceptability, clinical presentation, time required for restoration placement (which may be technique-sensitive), and the health and environmental considerations of the materials. These conclusions emphasise that caries prevention is critical to effective and sustainable oral health.
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