Genetically driven immune diseases (GIDs) are germline or somatic errors of immunity, representing an expanding and diagnostically complex group of genetic disorders. While genomic advances have enhanced their detection, interpretation of genetic data remains a major challenge due to significant genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, incomplete knowledge about genotype-phenotype connections, and the diverse layers of mechanisms contributing to each patient's specific expression of disease. In this review, we propose a clinically oriented framework for the genetic evaluation of patients with suspected GIDs.

Human milk (HM) contains a diverse array of immunological, microbial, and metabolic bioactive factors that may influence early immune maturation and allergic disease susceptibility. This narrative review examines current evidence linking major HM bioactives with eczema, food allergy, and wheezing/asthma, integrating mechanistic findings with human observational and clinical data.

This review aims to summarize the established and potential targets of glucocorticoids (GCs) on mast cells, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of various allergic and inflammatory diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. We sought to answer the following questions: (1) How do glucocorticoids inhibit the release of mediators from mast cells? (2) What are the effects of glucocorticoids on mast cell signaling molecules? (3) By what mechanisms do glucocorticoids induce mast cell apoptosis? and (4) What are the genomic and non-genomic mechanisms underlying these effects?

The prevalence of cannabis and nicotine vaporizer use appears to be increasing, but their effects on the respiratory system are incompletely elucidated. This review brings together clinical, pathologic, and molecular knowledge describing airway disease, acute lung injury syndromes, and structural lung injury resulting from nicotine and cannabis vaporizer use.

Asthma and obesity are affecting children and teenagers at higher rates than previous generations. Epidemiological data link obesity during childhood with the subsequent development of asthma. In this review we describe developmental and inflammatory factors that contribute to asthma severity in children with obesity.

Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions span mild cutaneous eruptions, severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), and internal-organ injury. We review how pharmacogenomic, single-cell, and spatial methods have shown that these syndromes are driven by shared effector mechanisms, and how identifying which one predominates opens the way to targeted treatment.

Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions are uncommon but potentially life-threatening complications of anaesthesia and remain a major concern in clinical practice. This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms and aetiologies underlying perioperative hypersensitivity and examines contemporary diagnostic strategies for identifying the responsible agent. Emphasis is placed on the integration of clinical assessment with laboratory and functional testing to establish an accurate diagnosis and guide the selection of safe alternatives for subsequent anaesthetic procedures. Current evidence is complemented by the authors' extensive clinical experience in the field.

Gastrointestinal dysbiosis is implicated in the disruption of immune homeostasis and the pathogenesis of food allergies. Consequently, dietary fibers have gained attention as key molecules modulating microbial balance and immunity. This review aims to explore the immunomodulatory functions of dietary fibers commonly found in the human diet, including pectin, inulin, β-glucan, and mannan.

The landscape of biologic therapeutics has expanded to include therapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific T-cell engagers. As the use of these therapies expands, hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) can limit the use of preferred treatments. This review examines advances in the diagnosis and management of these adverse events, including applications of precision medicine and AllergoOncology.

Chronic stress and trauma are potent risk factors for worsened asthma outcomes. We summarize recent research discoveries surrounding chronic stress, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and intimate partner abuse (IPA) and their impacts on asthma pathophysiology and outcomes. We also highlight treatment and precision medicine implications.

Type 2-low (T2-low) asthma, characterized by low blood and sputum eosinophils and low fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), remains a major unmet need because of frequent corticosteroid insensitivity and a lack of targeted therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in its epidemiology, multiomics, and therapeutic landscape.

This manuscript summarizes and comments on recent studies linking prenatal and early postnatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma.

Allergic disease is common in the United States, and a growing number of otherwise qualified applicants and service members present with histories of food allergy, venom allergy, medication reactions, physical urticarias, or prior anaphylaxis. The challenge for clinicians is to translate a nuanced allergy-immunology evaluation into strict military accession and retention standards designed for readiness, austere care, and deployability, rather than for diagnosis alone.

Asthma is increasingly recognized not only as an inflammatory disorder but also as a disease rooted in airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. This review examines tight junction proteins (TJPs) including occludin, claudins, and ZO family members, as central regulators of epithelial integrity and potential therapeutic targets.

In 2011, the AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Task Force published the third practice parameter on allergen immunotherapy (AIT), summarizing the contemporary understanding of AIT immunologic mechanisms. Since, major advances have substantially expanded insight into this complex field. This review briefly revisits earlier concepts and then focuses on newer mechanistic findings and emerging ideas, that yet have to be developed further to better understand AIT mechanisms.