Advancements in technology have been at the heart of endourology for decades. With the introduction of new and novel technologies, endourology is rapidly changing. This review aims to address the recent innovations and technological advances in endourology by addressing four different areas where tangible outcome improvements are being seen: (1) diagnostic and detection methods; (2) intraoperative optimisation and procedural automation; (3) prediction of treatment outcomes; and (4) the use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) for patients' education and monitoring.

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of novel imaging modalities in working up invasive bladder cancer prior to surgical management and their potential role in guiding treatment decisions.

This review article will examine the current literature on recent advances made in the field of pediatric endourology, specifically regarding pediatric urolithiasis.

To synthesize current evidence on the role of 29-MHz micro-ultrasound (microUS) in prostate cancer (PCa) detection and to define its position relative to multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) across the diagnostic pathway. We conducted a narrative review of prospective, comparative, and randomized studies, with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection as the primary endpoint.

Peripheral neuropathy affecting the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) is a potential contributor to "idiopathic" lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), yet objective methods to assess peripheral nerve integrity in vivo remain limited. This narrative review evaluates the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in assessing LSP microstructural integrity and explores what this may tell us about lower urinary tract dysfunction.

This manuscript aims to provide an overview of minimally invasive treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) in men, highlighting how concomitant bladder outlet obstruction in men can complicate management and lead to underutilization of these therapies in this patient population.

To summarize current imaging modalities for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and evaluate their diagnostic performance for tumor staging and risk stratification.

To critically review the contemporary evidence on single-port robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (SP-RAPN), focusing on comparative outcomes, patient selection, anatomy-based surgical approaches, technical implementation, and its current role relative to multi-port RAPN (MP-RAPN).

Surgery remains the standard of definitive care in male stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This narrative review provides a critical discussion of pertinent aspects of male continence surgery, including cost-benefit analysis and whether continence surgery should be offered earlier.

This review summarizes the procedural techniques, short- and long-term efficacy, and clinical application of polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG, Bulkamid®) as a urethral bulking agent for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI); compares PAHG with mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery; and examines emerging hydrogel-based regenerative platforms, used for mechanical bulking, delivery of bioactive molecules or cells, and extracellular matrix-mimetic scaffolding, together with their prospects for clinical translation.

Preoperative planning in staghorn stones treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) can improve efficiency and minimize complications. We summarized the current evidence on imaging features to guide the selection of optimal access for managing staghorn stones.

This review examines how the clinical skills, professional traits, and developmental pathways of practicing urologists can translate into broader institutional leadership roles, addressing the persistent underrepresentation of surgeons and urologists in health system decision-making.

Single-port robotic surgery has experienced remarkable evolution over the past five years, fundamentally transforming minimally invasive urologic practice. This review examines recent advancements in single-port robotic platforms, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes across the spectrum of urologic procedures.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of difficult access in endourology. This focuses on anatomical factors that complicate endoscopic management of upper and lower urinary tract diseases and discussing strategies to manage these challenges.

Nocturia is a highly prevalent symptom that affects multiple aspects of health. However, it is often underrecognized and undertreated, leading to problems both within the genitourinary system and systemically. The goal of this paper is to further characterize the pathophysiology behind the most common medical factors that contribute to nocturia by performing a focused literature review in a structured format. This will aid clinicians when evaluating and treating patients with nocturia.