Scuba diving exposes teeth, dental restorations and prosthetic devices to substantial hyperbaric mechanical stress. Dental barotrauma (pressure-induced structural injury) and barodontalgia (pressure-induced dental pain) are oral complications that remain underdiagnosed in routine dental practice, despite their capacity to cause acute pain, restoration failure and in-water emergencies. Gas entrapped within defective restorations, incompletely obturated root canals or poorly adapted prostheses responds to pressure change according to Boyle's law, generating forces that can fracture tooth structure or displace restorations, while barodontalgia reflects the activation of pressure-sensitive nociceptors within inflamed pulpal or periapical tissue. This comprehensive review, reported with attention to the SANRA quality criteria, synthesises current evidence on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, epidemiology and preventive and restorative management of these conditions. Reported barodontalgia prevalence ranges from roughly 10%-19% in civilian and recreational diver surveys to markedly higher rates of dental or orofacial pain in some military naval cohorts. Epidemiological data are sparse, particularly from low- and middle-income countries, and no international dental professional body has issued clinical practice guidelines for divers. Evidence-based management centres on pre-dive dental assessment, durable restorative seals and structured post-procedure diving-restriction protocols. In patients who actively dive, particularly those presenting with unexplained pressure-associated dental pain or recurrent restorative complications, dental practitioners should consider diving exposure as part of the clinical history and apply targeted preventive and restorative measures. Prospective studies and, in due course, consensus guidance would help reduce the burden of diving-related dental complications.

Traumatic dental injuries require rapid, accurate, and context-sensitive decisions, particularly during emergencies such as tooth avulsion, luxation injuries, and trauma involving the primary dentition. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used by patients, caregivers, students, and clinicians for immediate information and decision support, yet their reliability in dental trauma remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the accuracy, consistency, safety, guideline concordance, and clinical applicability of AI chatbots and LLMs for traumatic dental injury management and decision support. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched through April 2026. Eligible studies evaluated AI-generated responses against clinical guidelines, expert assessment, validated dental trauma scenarios, photographs, real cases, standardized questions, or other reproducible reference standards. Twenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria. A function-based narrative synthesis classified the evidence into five translational functions: patient- and caregiver-facing emergency guidance, guideline-based diagnostic and management benchmarking, domain-specific or document-grounded workflows, multimodal and real-case validation, and avulsion-specific prognostic or advanced decision support. An exploratory meta-analysis of nine study-level estimates with comparable binary outcomes demonstrated a pooled proportion of accurate or guideline-concordant responses of 81.7%, although heterogeneity was very high. Across studies, performance varied according to model, prompt format, reference standard, input type, and assessment methodology. Safety concerns included incomplete recommendations, misleading information, inconsistent responses, limited readability, unreliable references, and injury-specific performance variability. Overall, current evidence indicates that AI chatbots and LLMs can support dental trauma information retrieval and supervised clinical decision support, particularly when constrained by curated guidelines or domain-specific workflows. However, the available evidence remains limited by substantial methodological heterogeneity and limited real-world validation and therefore does not support the autonomous use of these systems for emergency traumatic dental injury management. Trial Registration: PROSPERO; CRD420261394046.