- Impact of heat-induced retrieval methods on silver staining for detecting senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease in human brain tissue sections. [Journal Article]Diagn Pathol. 2026 Jul 29; 21(1).DP
- CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that heat-induced retrieval methods with citrate or Tris-EDTA buffer, enabling more efficient silver ion reduction at specific targets in Bielschowsky. This work provides an experimental basis for optimizing silver staining protocols, which helps enhance diagnostic accuracy in neuropathological studies of AD and related disorders.
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- HER2-low and HER2-ultralow breast cancer in the antibody-drug conjugate era: diagnostic challenges and reporting workflow. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: HER2-low and HER2-ultralow should be interpreted as clinically relevant extensions of established HER2 testing rather than as simple new labels. Responsible implementation requires standardized IHC scoring, careful morphological correlation, validated assays, transparent reporting language, and multidisciplinary communication. A reproducible pathology-centered workflow is essential for translating ADC-era advances into precise and equitable breast cancer care.
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- Differential diagnosis of acid-fast mycobacteria utilizing an artificial intelligence-based approach in histopathological analysis. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: This study successfully constructed a deep learning classification model for acid-fast mycobacteria using the improved VGG-16 model. The research results were subsequently designed into a web page, which can be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of acid-fast mycobacteria, reducing the workload of pathologists and lowering the error rate.
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- Brain rare metastatic tumors: a clinicopathological analysis of 14 cases. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Brain metastases from rare tumors lack specific clinical manifestations, and definitive diagnosis relies on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment may improve prognosis, but overall survival rates remain low, necessitating further exploration of novel strategies such as targeted therapy.
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- Fine-needle-based localization techniques in parathyroid adenomas: a retrospective cohort study of histopathological safety and fibrosis patterns. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Fine-needle-based localization techniques, including parathyroid hormone washout (PTH-WO) and radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL), were not associated with prominent histopathological changes suggestive of malignancy in this cohort. Although fibrosis was more frequently observed in the needle intervention groups in the unadjusted analyses, this association was no longer significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables. In contrast, the stromal fibrosis percentage was higher in the needle-naive group; however, this analysis was based solely on the 28 cases with histologically detected fibrosis and should therefore be interpreted with caution. Overall, the findings suggest that PTH-WO and ROLL, when performed using standardized techniques and appropriate clinical indications, are not associated with prominent histopathological alterations. Larger prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.
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- Refining prostate cancer diagnosis: correlative analysis of Gleason scores and immunohistochemical markers. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective analysis corroborates the complementary roles of P504S (in assessed subsets), AR, and PSA as valuable IHC adjuncts to Gleason grading for evaluating prostate tissue, including differentiation from benign conditions such as BPH. HCK negativity further supports its deprioritization in diagnostic panels.
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- Generalizability of a biopsy-trained artificial intelligence algorithm to TURP and HoLEP specimens for detection of incidental prostate adenocarcinoma. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: A biopsy-trained AI algorithm demonstrated high sensitivity and excellent negative predictive value for detecting incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma in TURP and HoLEP specimens. These findings support its potential role as a screening and workflow-assistance tool in routine uropathology practice.
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- Immunohistochemical evaluation of androgen receptor expression in endometrial carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The AR is frequently expressed in low-grade, early-stage EEC, suggesting that AR may be associated with well-differentiated tumors and favorable clinicopathological parameters. The integration of AR immunohistochemistry into routine pathology panels could serve as a hypothesis-generating foundation for future clinical trials investigating targeted antiandrogen therapies.
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- Diagnostic concordance of remote WSI-based thyroid cytology compared to conventional cytological diagnosis: a pilot study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: WSI demonstrated moderate diagnostic agreement with conventional microscopy in well-defined thyroid cytopathology categories. However, variability remains more pronounced in indeterminate cases, reflecting inherent diagnostic challenges. These findings support the preliminary feasibility of WSI in real-world and remote diagnostic workflows, although larger, multicenter studies are required to confirm these results.
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- Primary acinic cell carcinoma of the breast: insights from a nine-case series and comprehensive literature review. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: AcCC of the breast is a rare, triple-negative malignancy that typically presents as a BI-RADS 4 lesion in the upper outer quadrant. Its diagnosis is based on characteristic morphological features-primarily microglands and acinar patterns, along with less common cystic, follicular, clear cell, and solid architectures. This is supported by a distinctive immunohistochemical profile, which consistently includes mutant-type expression of p53 protein. A comprehensive understanding of the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic spectrum of AcCC is crucial for accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Enhanced recognition of this entity, particularly its rare morphological variants, will help reduce diagnostic errors and guide more precise clinical management, ultimately improving prognostic assessment for affected patients.
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- The effect of obesity on the coccoid form transformation of Helicobacter pylori and its relationship with gastric inflammation pattern: a retrospective comparative study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was strongly associated with a coccoid-shifted H. pylori morphology (higher coccoid proportion) and with increased corpus crypt colonization. In this cohort the ≥ 40% coccoid category was observed exclusively in the severe obesity/sleeve group; this cut-off should be regarded as exploratory and hypothesis-generating, and requires external validation before it can be considered a histological signature of severe obesity. Because specimen type differed between groups and eradication outcomes were not assessed, these findings represent associations rather than causal relationships. IHC-based morphological assessment may be useful in obese and severely obese HP-positive patients, and prospective studies are warranted to determine whether coccoid burden and BMI can inform individualized eradication strategies.
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- Expression of LDHA, Pan-Kla Level and H3K18la associates with clinical progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: LDHA, Pan-Kla level and H3K18la were upregulated in LSCC tissues and were associated with shorter OS. LDHA may serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with LSCC.
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- Deep learning-assisted detection of lymph node metastases in bladder cancer. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that an AI model trained on a limited dataset can effectively assist pathologists in the detection of lymph node metastases in bladder cancer while significantly reducing review time. These findings suggest that institutions with limited case volumes may be able to develop and implement locally trained AI models to support routine histopathological assessment.
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- Diagnosing carcinoma origin in ultrasound-guided needle biopsies: a context-driven approach anchored in site-specific immunohistochemical markers. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: In this selected, context-rich, non-CUP/MUO small-biopsy cohort, tumor-origin assignment was supported in most cases (56/60, 93%) by site-specific-marker-anchored IHC without CK7/CK20 dependence; CK7/CK20 was selectively needed but showed limited incremental contribution beyond morphology, clinical/imaging context, and site-specific markers. This approach may have practical relevance for tissue-conscious IHC marker selection in small-biopsy workflows, alongside established pre-analytic standards. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings, assess generalizability in broader biopsy settings, and evaluate diagnostic accuracy against external reference standards.
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- Correlation of P53 expression and TP53 mutation in stage I lung adenocarcinoma and the predictive value for postoperative recurrence within 5 years. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Based on our study's criteria, P53 mutant expression may serve as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutations, while P53 aberrant expression, along with TP53 missense mutation could potentially predict postoperative recurrence within five years for patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. The biomarkers of TP53 mutation, P53 mutant expression and P53 aberrant expression present opportunities for enhanced risk stratification and the formulation of personalized treatment strategies.
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