Mucosal melanoma in the region of head and neck is a rare and aggressive tumor. Diagnosis is usually late due to the quick, vertical spread of the disease, the a lack of early or specific signs and because of the location of lesions. The mainstay of treatment is radical surgical resection. The value of sentinel lymph node biopsy, lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy is still unclear. The objective of this study is to report five patients with primer malignant mucosal melanoma and briefly summarize the current literature of the etiology, staging and treatment of the disease.

The combined use of high fluoride (F-) concentration and acidic pH can weaken the corrosion resistance of titanium (Ti). Caries prophylactic products contain high amounts of F- and are applied at a low pH. The aim of our study was to determine whether the different forms of applied flouride has different effects on the growth of Streptococcus mutans on different titanium surfaces. Titanium with polished surface were treated with a gel (pH: 4,8) containing 1,25% olaflur, a rinse (pH: 4,4) containing 0,025% olaflur or a 1% aqueous solution of NaF at a pH of 4,5. Control discs were not treated. All discs were incubated with S. mutans for 21 days. To assess the amount of S. mutans protein assay analysis was performed at 5, 10 and 21 days. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) investigations were also executed. By the 21st day significant differences could be observed in the bacterial protein quantity. The between group- comparisons showed that the rinse and gel were superior to NaF or control group (p < 0,01 and p < 0,05). Furthermore signs of corrosion could be observed in the group of gel treated discs. The results suggest that amine-fluoride content mouthwashes might be a suitable choice for prevention to the patients with dental implants.

Mucormycosis is a fulminant opportunistic infection with significant mortality in susceptible individuals. Although mortality rates vary widely (30 to 100%) according to professional literature, recently in instances with no central nervous system (CNS) involvement the survival rate averages varies between 50 and 80% owing to complex therapy. With CNS involvement, however, the fatality rate is over 80%. Predisposing diseases include diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, hematologi- cal diseases, neutropenia, burns, surgical procedures, antibiotic treatments, long-term steroid therapy and immunosuppressive therapy. Mucormycosis may at times arise even in -immunocompetent individuals. It has diverse clinical forms with the most frequent forms being rhino-maxillary and rhino-oculocerebral (the latter of which is characterized by a high mortality rate). They mainly enter the body through inhalation, with saprophytic mucor species often demonstrable in the upper respiratory tracts, which are nevertheless non-pathogenic in most healthy individuals. The spores may also enter percutaneously through traumas, skin lesions, insect bites, or injections (e.g. through intravenous drug use); as well as via the alimentary tract with contaminated foodstuff. The prognosis can be improved by a quick establishment of the diagnosis, the quick initiation of the therapy and treatment of the underlying disease. Although first and foremost the recognition and treatment of the disease does not rest with dentists and oral surgeons, in order to localize the disease it is important to examine it from a differential diagnostic point of view and interdisciplinary cooperation may also be required in a complex treatment. Our aim is to introduce mucormycosis in our case report study.

During that last decade a large number of experiments showed the successful application of stem cells in achieving large bone volume regeneration. On the contrary, our knowledge about the promotion of implant osseointegration by stem cell is sporadic. Recently, our research group has carried out an array of studies aiming the characterization of postnatal stem cells of dental origin. In addition, we have developed a novel quantitative model for implant osseointegration in rat tail vertebrae. In the present work we aimed to study how the implant osseointegration process is affected by mesenchymal stem cells of rat dental pulp origin (DPSC) when cells are undifferentiated or predifferentiated into osteogenic direction. Our results show that undifferentiated pulp cells inserted between the implant and the bone slow down the osseointegration process. On the other hand, pre-differentiated DPSCs do not have a similar adverse effect any more. Our data suggest that the success of mesenchymal stem cell application to promote implant osseointegration is highly dependent on the applied conditions, particularly on the parallel applicatioh of scaffolds and osteogenic components.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that results in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that principally attacks synovial joints. The pathology of the disease process often leads to the destruction of articular cartilage and the bone. Normal bone remodeling cycle requires the balance between bone resorption and bone deposition which is determined by the activities of two principle cell types, namely, osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts, coupled together via cytokine mediated cell signaling. The dominance of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bone homeostasis leads to osteolysis. Many articles have been published about the pathobiochemical similarity between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, whereas the role of the disease in bone regeneration and osseointegration is less proven. According to the international literature in rheumatoid arthritis, due to frequent periodontitis, decreased salivary secretion, medication, as well as a decrease in bone regenerative potential, rheumatoid arthritis is considered as relative contraindication in implantology. In daily practice, we face more frequently with rheumatoid arthritis which makes the topic so important in oral surgery and implantology. It can be said that adequate preoperative preparation (healthy periodontal status, antibiotic protection, consultation with the rheumatologist to modify medication) interventions can be done more safely. The risk of failure is higher in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis of the underlying disease which fact is important to be communicated before surgical intervention.

The requirements for osseointegration have been determined decades ago, among which was the appropriate size of the dental implants. In the last few years, in both - domestic and foreign literature- we can find more and more articles suggesting short and narrow dental implants as a treatment possibility. They may serve as an alternative to various bone grafting techniques and may replace the time demanding, more invasive and expensive horizontal and vertical bone augmentation procedures. Using short and narrow implants we can avoid interventions often accompanied by serious complications, such as bone distraction and inferior alveolar nerve transposition which pose greater risk for the patient. Our objective is a two-part review of the periodic literature in order to establish whether short and narrow dental implants can serve as a real alternative treatment modality.

Chronic periodontitis predictable responds to mechanical cleaning and cause related periodontal surgery. Nowadays the therapeutic protocol of the chronic periodontitis is widely known and scientifically proven. The therapy can be split into two major phases, the inicial or cause related therapy and the surgical therapy, however in the most of the cases the patients need complex periodontal, restorative and prosthodontic therapy. The presented case demonstrates the process and results of the complex treatment of a 55 years old patient suffering from chronic periodontitis. The patient didn't have hopeless teeth. In the first phase of the cause related periodontal therapy professional oral hygiene treatment, scaling rootplaning and subgingival curettage were performed by quadrants. At the re-evaluation after the conservative periodontal therapy there was a significant pocket reduction in the mandibular quadrants, however there was a need for surgical pocket therapy in the molar regions of the maxillary quadrants. Modified Widman-flap surgery and osteoplasty were performed in both of the maxillary quadrants. After the surgical periodontal therapy the revision of the old root canal fillings was accomplished in the teeth 24, 36 and 47. Due to an inflammatory root resorption, root resection was performed following the root canal filling on the tooth 24. Three months after the root resection surgery, the tooth was reinforced by a glass fiber post. Nine months postoperatively the periapical area of the tooth 24 showed growing radioopacity After the second reevaluation of patient's compliance and the healing tendencies full mouth prosthodontic reheabilitation was provided. Metalloceramic crowns with a supragingival margin were made on the teeth 12, 24 and 36, metalloceramic bridge was made on the teeth 44 and 47. After the periodontal, restorative and prosthodontic therapy were finished the patient was remanded every 3 months for periodontal supportive therapy and could maintain excellent oral hygiene with a plaque score under 20% and a bleeding score of 6%.

In the literature both smoking and psoriasis are discussed as predisposing factors for chronic periodontal disease. It is also known that smoking leads to deterioration in both psoriasis and periodontal disease. However, up to now, the only study to address the question what effect the co-occurrence of psoriasis and smoking has on the periodontal status of the individual, was a previous study of ours. In the present study, we repeated our measurements in an extended sample. 82 psoriatic patients and 117 controls participated, who all received a full-mouth examination so that their periodontal status could be determined. The analysis was aimed at finding out about to what extent the individual risk factors (i.e. smoking and psoriasis) increased the chance of the occurrence of the advanced stages of periodontal disease. The odds ratio for smoking was 1,32 (p = 0,465), and 1,85 for psoriasis (p = 0,163). In those patients who smoked, the odds ratio was 6,22 (p < 0,001), which is three times higher than the simple combination of odds. This suggests that the risk factors are in a synergistic relationship.

Orthodontic therapy, like any other medical intervention, in addition to its benefits carries the risk of potential complications and is associated with adverse effects-including periodontal problems, external root resorptions, pulpal changes, enamel damages (demineralization, discoloration, attrition), temporomandibular disorders, infective endocarditis, soft tissue damages, discomfort, pain and the risk of either aspiration or indigestion of medical instruments and appliances. Usually these effects are multifactorial in origin- most often a result of interactions between the patient, the dental practitioner and the technical aspects of the appliances or techniques. With preventive measurements and care, most of these complications can be either limited or completely avoided. Therefore, every dental practitioner must be fully aware of these effects and associated risk factors in order to maximize the treatment outcome. The present review aims to summarize these effects of orthodontic therapies, and provide a detailed description of factors and preventive measures, in order to minimize these damages.

The Department of Oral Medicine at the University of Szeged was responsible for the stomato-oncological care of the population of three counties (with a population of 1,7 M at an average) in the period 1960-201 4. The present report summarizes the incidence of oral medicine diseases during this period. The overall number of new out-patients at the Department of Oral Surgery between 1960 and 2014 was 338,200. These patients were dental and oral surgical patients who presented spontaneously or were referred from the general practice, or stomato-oncological patients referred from general dental practices in-the three counties. Of the 338,200 new cases, 9,482 (2.8%) were benign tumors, 5438 (1.6%) premalignancies and 5,145 (1.5%) malignant tumors. This means a total of 20,065 tumor cases (5.9%) in the examined period, of which 10,579 (3.1 %) were premalignancies and malignancies. 14,446 patients presented with other diseases of the oral mucous membrane (5.8%, data available from 1974). Data on the number of stomato-oncological control patients in any given year are available from 1970 on. In the period 1970-2014, the total number of check-up patients was 117,268, this is the 76,97% of the departments overall number of patients. As for the tendencies, in the representative period of 1960-2004, the number of new benign tumors 15-fold, premalignancies 30-fold, and malignant tumors exhibited an 25-fold increase, while the number of other conditions affecting the oral mucosa showed a 14-fold increase.

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of sagittal saw handpiece with a piezoelectric device on the rise in intraosseous temperature and on the preparation time. 100 native pieces of pork ribs were cut either with S-8 S handpiece connected to Elcomed surgical motor (W&H) (n = 30) or with B6 insert connected to Piezomed (W&H) using continuous movement (n = 30) or with B6 using short breaks to perform intermittent cutting (n = 30). The rest were cut either by S-8 S (n = 5) or by B6 (n = 5) both applied by permanent pressure. The intraosseous temperature was measured by K-type thermocouple connected to digital thermometer placed in the bone 1 mm away of the cutting line. The heat generated and the time of the complete cutting were recorded. In S-8 S group the temperature never rose above 47⁰C. Using the B6 with permanent movement the critical temperature was reached in 16.2 ± 3.53% of the cases while taking breaks decreased the results to 2.6 ? 0.96% (p <0.001). In no cases the temperature elevation above 4700 lasted more than 60 sec. Applying the B6 by permanent pressure resulted in heat up to 90.3⁰C. Our results suggest that piezoelectric device could use safely according to the factory instructions, however further reduce of heat load could be achieved if the intermittent cutting motion combined with short-time cooling periods.

Osteoporosis is a chronic degenerative disease of bones in which the primary type of it affects generally women after postmenopause. According to the literature the panoramic indices are valuable morphometric and visual tools to detect the disorder in a n early and asymptomnatic stage. The goals of study were to evaluate the reproducibility of mandibular cortical and panoramic indices and to assess population-specific index parameters. Panoramic radiographs of 50 osteoporotic (age = 65,1 ? 5,9) and 36 control (age = 66,4 ? 7,1) women were evaluated for the cortical (MCI) and panoramic (PMI) indices by 2 experienced clinicians and 40 dental students with basic clinical experiences. Statistical analysis of data was preformed using SPSS software. the result of MCI and PMI indexes demonstrated high interobserver agreement between the two clinicians but in MCI data, recorded by the clinicians and students, showed statistically significant differences. On the other hand the mean and threshold values of the indices proved to be different from what we had expected from other surveys. Although the panoramic images are taken for specific dental indications that would improve the screening efficiency of osteoporosis when the clinician recognizes the signs of it on the radiographs.

Many materials are used during a dental treatment, which can cause dental allergy in susceptible patients. Behind the immune response there are multistage biochemical processes, in which protein interactions can be investigated by directed evolutionary, phage display technique. Aim of this study is to determine the frequent amino acid sequences on polystyrene surface as dental base thermoplastic polymers by phage display technique. Positive control was streptavidin (Str) covered polymer, the negative control was bovine serum albumin blocked polystyrene. Based on our results it was found that the WLFNHPQ sequence is Str specific peptide in our system, because this variant has occurred repeatedly in three independent samples. The selected phages from the BSA blocked PS surface have contained some variants with some frequency. We demonstrated that peptides bond to PS surface. The most frequent peptide was FSGRPLP on untreated polystyrene surface. However allergy is not reported with the application of PS thermoplastic polymer. The reason of this can be the result of the applied technology, namely the injection moulded technique. In the antigen presentation the knowledge and blocking of the binding sites can help to discover and reduce the formation of allergic reactions. Based on our experiments it can be declared that our PS model system can be a good starting point in the recognition of other dental polymer peptide biding sites.