[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1097/IA9.0000000000000004.].

Athletic pubalgia presents with groin and/or pubic pain mainly in athletes. The purpose of this review is to analyze, by evaluating current literature, the clinical examination and differential diagnosis of athletic pubalgia, in an effort to better understand this clinical entity. Diagnosis is challenging due to the anatomical complexity of the groin area, the biomechanics of the pubic Romasymphysis region and the large number of potential sources of groin pain. Clinical examination and medical history are of utmost importance. Differential diagnosis includes intra-and-extra-articular hip and intra-abdominal pathology, as well as non-myoskeletal disorders, such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), acetabular labral tears, osteitis pubis, adductor muscles injuries and true inguinal hernia. A thorough clinical examination should be performed in such cases, including the "Resisted sit-up" and the "Single or Bilateral Resisted Leg Adduction" test. Regarding imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed when athletic pubalgia is suspected, especially in athletes. Other imaging techniques, such as plain radiographs and ultrasonography may add to the diagnostic process.

A 45-year old male patient, with a past history of illicit drug abuse and hepatitis C, presented with a 2 day history of worsening eyelid edema. Examination of the globe was impossible due to eyelid fusion caused by extensive soft tissue damage. Based on the examination, a diagnosis of necrotic fasciitis secondary to VZV infection was Romamade. The patient received empirical treatment with intravenous acyclovir, meropenem and vancomycin. CT imaging demonstrated no ocular involvement. Lesions were cultivated, revealing presence of Streptococcus pyogenes. Intravenous clindamycin was added to his course. Improvement was gradually observed. The patient received treatment for a total of 21 days, resulting in excellent final outcome. His final visual acuity was 0.9 on a Snellen chart, without signs of ocular inflammation. No surgical intervention was required and lesions fully healed with conservative management. Clinical outcomes depend on prompt treatment initiation, whilst delay in the diagnosis can prove fatal.

Corpus luteum cyst rupture with consequent hemoperitoneum is a common cause of admission to the emergency room. This condition is frequently misdiagnosed because of overlapping of clinical findings in acute gynecologic diseases. However, an incorrect identification may lead to delay in surgical treatment, which can Romabe a life-threatening condition. Ultrasound (US) is the first technique used for diagnosis that can confirm or dismiss the presence of intraperitoneal fluid. Secondly, the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the quickest way to identify the site of active bleeding and to establish the correct management of the clinical condition. Herein, we report a case of a 19-years-old girl with acute abdominal pain correctly identified by diagnostic images and treated with mini-invasive surgery techniques in order to quickly act without clinic and aesthetic sequelae.

Most diaphragmatic ruptures are due to the traumatic or penetrating injury, while the spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture is considered uncommon. The spontaneous transdiaphragmatic hernia is a consequence of violent coughing, vomiting that increase the thoracoabdominal pressure causing the diaphragmatic rupture. Even rarer is the concomitant prolapse of abdominal viscera into the thoracic subcutis through the chest wall, a condition known as spontaneous transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia. Herein, we present a rare case of spontaneous transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia presenting as a thoracoabdominal emergency.

Although considered the gold standard in treatment of EBC, sentinel node biopsy still remains a debated issue. What to do in case of positive sentinel node and the need of intraoperative histological examination are the most topics under discussion. In this study we have retrospectively evaluate our case series of 359 sentinel node biopsy in the managing of breast cancer from January 2011 to December 2018, focusing on the TIC technique for performing intraoperative examination. It results in 12,8% "FALSE NEGATIVE" rate, in which only 4,2% in macrometastases, with an overall sensitivity of 68,4% (macrometastases: 86%; micrometastases: 11%), overall specificity of 98,7% and an overall accuracy of 89,7%. The intraoperative examination of SLN allows to reduce delayed surgery procedures and greater therapeutic safety in case of mastectomy. The TIC method can be considered valid, simple and rapid in identifying macrometastases, also allowing to avoid under-staging. The low sensitivity for micrometastases is not a limit, considering that recent evidence has drastically reduced the indications for ALND in these cases. Further ongoing trials and the possible validation of NOMOGRAMMS and SCORE are necessary to identify low risk cases in which to definitively omit the ALND and/or even the SLNB itself.

The loss or deficiency of a tissue or organ is a serious health problem and severely affects the patients' quality of life. In the near future, an option for solving this problem will be the development of bio-derived extracellular matrices (ECM) from huPlastic Romaman or animal tissues and their usage for in vitro or in vivo cellular reseeding. Many researchers are working on this development. Nowadays, different decellularization protocols have been developed to manufacture ECMs but there is not yet a consensus about the most efficient procedures. This review aims to describe the state of the art in the field of decellularization of complex mucosal tissues, analizing and comparing the most recent and most valiant articles published about this procedure.