- Applications of transformer-based pretrained language models for analyzing nursing records in adult care: A scoping review. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 08; 223:106762. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Transformer-based pretrained language models have been applied to nursing records mainly to transform narrative text into predefined categories, with little use of approaches that leverage the narrative characteristics of these records. Validation has largely remained confined to model development settings, limiting conclusions about clinical applicability. Future research should prioritize external and prospective validation and investigate tasks and adaptation strategies suited to nursing records.
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- Factors influencing the institutionalization of digital pharmacovigilance tools in LMICs: a scoping review using the non-adoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability framework. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 14; 223:106763. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Digital PV in LMICs is frequently treated as a technical intervention rather than a complex socio-technical and institutional change. Strengthening the long-term integration of digital PV may require greater attention to legal mandates, sustainable financing, organizational and professional capacities, and political commitment.
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- Digital twins in hospital operations management: a structured review and quantitative content analysis of decision support, workflow engineering and resource allocation. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 14; 223:106768. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: DTs are emerging as hospital information-system infrastructures for analytics-enabled, workflow-integrated, and human-supervised decision support. However, technical decision-support sophistication does not necessarily indicate real-world implementation or stronger evidence. Wider adoption requires interoperable data systems, workflow integration, governance, organisational readiness, and rigorous evaluation in operational hospital settings.
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- Artificial Intelligence for Triage in Primary Care: A Scoping Review of Clinical Applicability. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 12; 223:106769. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: AI triage in primary care is concentrated on clinician-facing diagnostic and referral tasks and is most valuable for augmenting clinician workflows, particularly non-specialists. The evidence base remains immature, constrained by internal validation, unreliable reference standards, sparse equity assessment and absent prospective outcome data. Future work should prioritise prospective, outcome-anchored evaluation, with attention to safety and equity.
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- Secure medical data sharing and brain tumor diagnosis using optimized encryption with blockchain-enabled multiscale channel attention residual network. [Journal Article]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 02; 223:106746. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- Blockchain (BC) may transform the future of medical systems through reliable storage of medical records and controlled data access, minimizing the risk of large-scale breaches and boosting trust in information exchange. On the flip side, deep learning (DL) is set to revolutionize healthcare diagnostics by quickly and accurately identifying diseases, predicting outcomes, improving health outcomes,…
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- Whose doctor does the AI recommend? An algorithm audit of reputation and name-based demographic signals in large language model-assisted physician choice. [Journal Article]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 08; 223:106764. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: In this panel, recommendations ran mainly on ratings and fees but also responded, in model-specific ways, to name cues and list position that the models' explanations did not mention. These controlled-task differences are not estimates of real-world access; they call for behavioral audits of each model version. The materials will be released for repeat audits.
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- Trustworthy large language models for clinical diagnosis: a medical informatics review of evidence, safety, validation, and deployment readiness. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 07; 223:106760. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal foundation models are increasingly proposed for diagnostic decision support, symptom triage, report interpretation, and electronic health record (EHR)-grounded workflows. Because medical informatics is concerned with how information and communication technologies behave inside clinical practice, workflow evaluation and deployment readiness are central r…
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- Large language models for patient-facing consultation in elective aesthetic and appearance-related plastic surgery: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 10; 223:106767. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence primarily supports the potential use of LLMs as clinician-supervised adjuncts for standardized patient education and communication in elective aesthetic and appearance-related plastic surgery.Although LLMs can provide generally useful information for common questions, Clinical effectiveness remains unestablished, and evidence is insufficient to support autonomous individualized surgical advice, postoperative triage, or management decisions. Future studies should prioritize patient-level validation of understanding, treatment expectations, and clinically meaningful safety outcomes.
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- Evaluating machine learning models for predicting postpartum depression symptoms using mississippi pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS) 2016-2022 data. [Journal Article]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 08; 223:106761. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Training ML models with a reduced set of top-ranked features improves efficiency and interpretability while minimizing the risk of overfitting. Feature selection based on the best-performing model maintained predictive performance and model efficiency, particularly for ensemble-based algorithms. These findings support the use of ML models for predicting screening-positive PPD symptoms to assist population-level screening and maternal mental health interventions.
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- One-day-ahead prediction of severe hyponatremia in patients with cancer using medication and diagnostic trajectories without electrolyte indicators. [Journal Article]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 07; 223:106743. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Severe hyponatremia can be predicted 1 day in advance with clinically meaningful predictive performance using 30-day medication and diagnostic trajectories without relying on electrolyte-related laboratory data. This finding suggests that high-risk patients could be identified early even when electrolyte-related laboratory variables are unavailable, such as during cancer treatment planning or when routine electrolyte monitoring is not performed, supporting more targeted electrolyte testing and earlier clinician-directed intervention pending external validation.
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- Assessing the consistency of a prognostic transition to persistent critical illness across two U.S. ICU databases: a daily risk-set analysis. [Journal Article]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 07; 223:106759. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: In these U.S. data, crossover occurred only against an aging admission snapshot. With the studied predictor blocks through ICU day 14, no consistent transition was identified; transitions in other health systems or later ICU periods remain possible.
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- Artificial intelligence chatbot-assisted preoperative education and perioperative anxiety in surgical patients: A systematic review and structured narrative synthesis of randomized controlled trials. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 07; 223:106757. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from five heterogeneous randomized controlled trials remains insufficient to determine whether AI chatbot-assisted preoperative education reduces perioperative anxiety. The absence of a consistent effect should not be interpreted as definitive evidence of ineffectiveness, particularly given the very low certainty of evidence. Larger, well-designed trials are required.
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- A lightweight ECG model with teacher-derived integrated medical semantic preservation for cardiac disease screening. [Journal Article]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 07; 223:106758. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- Recent electrocardiogram (ECG) foundation models have extended ECG analysis from rhythm and morphology recognition to cardiac structure-function assessment, but the computational and memory requirements limit their use in resource-constrained settings. This study aimed to reduce the size and inference cost of a unified ECG foundation model while retaining its multitask performance and clinically …
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- From digital adoption to health-system transformation: A systematic review of outcomes, implementation barriers, and conditions for scale across global health systems. [Review]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 06; 223:106756. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Measurable health-system change was more often reported when governance, finance, infrastructure, interoperability, workflow, workforce participation, trust, safety, and equity were aligned around a defined public value than when technology deployment alone was scaled. These associations, drawn largely from qualitative and observational studies, inform a review-derived implementation-to-impact pathway offered for prospective testing.
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- Predictive performance of machine learning models for bloodstream infection by validation type: A systematic review and meta-analysis. [Journal Article]Int J Med Inform. 2026 Oct 03; 223:106740. [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: ML models showed promising discrimination for BSI prediction (pooled AUROC 0.82). However, the prediction interval was wide (0.46-0.96) and performance declined under external validation, indicating limited generalizability; moreover, the current evidence is of very low certainty. Rigorous external validation, calibration and decision-analytic reporting, and adherence to prediction-model reporting standards are needed before clinical implementation.
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