Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a severe pathology requiring complex pelvic surgery, which carries a rare but serious risk of uterine rupture during pregnancy. We report a primiparous patient who achieved pregnancy through in vitro fertilisation 11 months after laparoscopic resection of a rectovaginal DIE nodule. At 32 + 3 weeks of gestation, altered foetal rhythm and maternal anaemia led to an emergency caesarean section, revealing a rupture of the posterior uterine wall. The post-partum period was uneventful despite significant psychological stress. This case highlights retrocervical surgery and monopolar energy use as potential risk factors for uterine rupture. It underlines the importance of a morphological assessment of the posterior uterine segment, personalised preconception and prenatal care and thorough patient counselling regarding potential obstetric risks in patients undergoing surgery for DIE, especially in the absence of specific international recommendations.

Marker chromosomes derived from the Y chromosome are rare and can present with either disorders of sex development (DSD) or infertility. We assessed a unique case of a 38-year-old Indian male who presented with primary infertility and azoospermia. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated a karyotype of 46,X,+mar, and further fluorescence in situ hybridisation studies confirmed the marker to be of Y chromosomal origin. Microarray revealed an interstitial deletion of 15.7 Mb spanning Yq11.1-q11.23 with preservation of the Yp arm. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction showed complete loss of the azoospermia factor (AZF) a, AZFb and AZFc regions. Based on integrated cytogenetic and molecular findings, the final karyotype was revised to 46,X,der(Y)del(Y)(q11.1q11.23). Interestingly, the marker chromosome retained the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene, explaining the development of a male phenotype, but the absence of the AZF loci accounted for the failure of spermatogenesis. This case highlights the importance of integrated cytogenetic and molecular approaches in evaluating unexplained male infertility and represents a rare example of SRY-positive testicular DSD associated with a Y-derived marker chromosome lacking critical spermatogenic regions.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies, involuntarily ending before 24 weeks of gestation. Approximately 2%-5% of couples with recurrent miscarriages carry a balanced structural chromosomal anomaly. A non-consanguineous couple with a history of RPL was referred to the institute for genetic evaluation. The male and the female partners were of ages 31 and 30 years, respectively. The reproductive history of the female partner revealed three missed abortions during the 8[th]-10[th] week of pregnancy. The karyotype of the female partner revealed balanced chromosomal translocation between the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 10 (46, XX, t(1;10)(q32;p14)) with a clinically normal phenotype. The male partner had a normal karyotype (46, XY).

Scientific writing is an essential skill for clinicians and researchers to disseminate their research findings effectively. This narrative review discusses key aspects, including the formulation of an appropriate research question, the selection of suitable study designs, the identification of the right journal for submission and the structuring of manuscripts according to the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results And Discussion) format. It highlights the importance of reporting guidelines, precise and compelling scientific writing, appropriate sample size calculation, selection of meaningful outcome measures in reproductive medicine and drafting balanced conclusions. This review also provides a concise overview of international recommendations and best practices for manuscript preparation to ensure clarity, transparency, reproducibility and completeness in scientific reporting. Ethical research practices, including avoidance of plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, inappropriate use of artificial intelligence and issues related to authorship and disclosure of competing interests, are also addressed. In addition, common reasons for manuscript rejection are outlined to help researchers improve the quality and impact of their submissions.

Infertility affects about 16.5% of adults in low- and middle-income countries, according to the World Health Organization, and represents a major global public health concern. Despite this burden, population-level estimates from South Asia remain limited.