- Predictive Modeling of Clinically Apparent Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI). [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 12. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Using prospective, multicenter data, this study proposes a seven-factor nomogram to estimate the probability of clinically apparent shoulder PJI. The model showed strong apparent discrimination for clinically apparent infection in the development cohort. External validation will be necessary to confirm performance, and consensus will be required to establish weighting and diagnostic thresholds for tiers of non-definite shoulder PJI.
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- Occult Infection Risk with Stem Retention in Revision Anatomic to Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 09. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with low preoperative concern for infection, retaining a well-fixed humeral stem in revision aTSA to rTSA results in a low rate of PJI. Despite all revisions being characterized as "unlikely" based on the ICM criteria, approximately 1 in 7 patients were found to have unexpected positive intraoperative cultures. While this did not appear to affect postoperative infection rates, high vigilance for infection, even in cases with low preoperative concern, should be considered.
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- Radial Head Arthroplasty for Radial Head Fracture Is Associated with a Lower Rate of Reoperation Than Open Reduction Internal Fixation: A Population-Based Cohort Study. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 09. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Radial head arthroplasty was associated with a lower rate of reoperation than ORIF following radial head fractures, irrespective of patient age. Among patients younger than 40 years, overnight ORIF was associated with an increased rate of reoperation. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the durability of these findings, particularly in younger patients.
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- Differences in valgus and internal-rotation instability after sequential distal ulnar collateral ligament release: a cadaveric study using Thiel-embalmed cadavers. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 09. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Distal UCL tears increased both valgus and internal rotation instability; however, internal rotation instability increased more. Therefore, functional factors, particularly increased internal rotation instability, may contribute to the characteristic internal rotation malalignment and poor prognosis of distal UCL tears.
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- Preoperative Pseudoparesis Is Not Associated With Inferior Outcomes After Anterior Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major Transfer for Irreparable Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 09. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: In this propensity score-matched analysis, the pseudoparesis group had lower baseline elevation by definition, whereas final clinical, range-of-motion, strength, and structural outcomes did not differ between groups after aLDTM for IASRCT. These findings should not be extrapolated to true pseudoparalysis or advanced arthropathy.
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- Effects of Early Rehabilitation on Shoulder Joint Stiffness and Functional Recovery Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 09. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Early rehabilitation was associated with less shoulder stiffness and earlier recovery of shoulder function and passive forward flexion after ARCR. These observational findings do not establish causality. Randomized trials with systematic monitoring of repair integrity and adverse events are needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of early rehabilitation.
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- Outcomes and Complications of Elbow Arthrodesis. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 09. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Elbow arthrodesis demonstrated reasonable pain relief and subjective satisfaction for patients with severe destruction of the elbow joint despite poor functional outcomes. The combined rate of nonunion or postoperative fracture was greater than 40%. Elbow arthrodesis is a salvage procedure that should be only considered when no other reconstructive or arthroplasty options exist.
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- Loss to Follow-up in Randomized Controlled Trials on Elbow Pathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [Review]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 08. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found a mean LTFU rate of 12.1% in RCTs on elbow pathology, consistent with the commonly assumed 10% attrition rate. Most factors were not associated with LTFU, although more frequent follow-up was linked to fewer dropouts. Incomplete reporting remains a key limitation and should be improved to strengthen future research.
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- Adoption of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Trends in PROM Use in Shoulder Literature: A Systematic Review. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 08. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Although PROMIS enables a standardized, patient-centered assessment of orthopedic conditions, the current study demonstrates its limited adoption over the past decade as a primary outcome measure for shoulder conditions compared to traditional legacy scores.
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- Age-related Humeral Retrotorsion Asymmetry in Junior Tennis Players: A Cross-sectional Ultrasound Study. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 07. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Junior tennis players demonstrated greater dominant-arm HRA than nondominant-arm HRA, with side-to-side asymmetry becoming evident from age 10 years onward and remaining approximately 10° from age 13 years onward. These findings indicate that humeral retrotorsion asymmetry emerges during late childhood in tennis players and likely reflects altered physiologic derotation of the dominant humerus during growth. This osseous adaptation may help clinicians interpret shoulder rotational findings in young overhead athletes.
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- Does External Rotation Deficit After Arthroscopic Labral Repair with Remplissage Affect Clinically Meaningful Outcomes ? [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 07. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: The cohort demonstrated significant improvements in PROM scores, and most patients achieved clinically meaningful outcome thresholds after arthroscopic labral repair with remplissage.Although medial and superior Hill-Sachs lesion localization and non-dominant extremity involvement were associated with greater ER loss, these deficits were not significantly associated with clinically meaningful outcomes at a minimum follow-up of two years.
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- Arthroscopic anterior shoulder bone-block stabilisation using distal clavicle autograft: A case series of 41 patients. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 07. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that DCA arthroscopic bone block anterior stabilisation is a safe and effective technique associated with good radiological and patient outcomes and low rates of recurrent instability comparable to coracoid transfer in the short-term.
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- Preoperative Malnutrition and Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Evaluation Using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index. [Journal Article]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 07. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative malnutrition, as defined by a Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index <98, was associated with an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection following rTSA. Short-term clinical outcomes were similar regardless of nutritional status. These findings suggest that preoperative nutritional screening and intervention may be important for reducing periprosthetic joint infection in patients undergoing rTSA.
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- Acute Versus Chronic Essex-Lopresti Injuries: A Systematic Review of Management Strategies and Outcome Patterns. [Review]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 07. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence suggests variable, often suboptimal outcomes for different management strategies of both acute and chronic ELI, with notable rates of complications and reoperations. Outcomes appeared modestly better in acute cohorts than in chronic cohorts, underscoring the importance of early recognition and treatment. However, comparative evidence across surgical interventions remains low, precluding any definitive recommendation regarding an optimal treatment strategy. Significant heterogeneity across studies further limited direct comparisons, highlighting the need for higher-quality prospective studies to better characterize outcomes and techniques used to treat both acute and chronic ELI.
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- Proceedings from the 2025 International Consensus Meeting on Orthopedic Infections: the definition of Shoulder Periprosthetic Joint infection. [Conference Proceedings]J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2026 Oct 06. [Online ahead of print]JS
- CONCLUSIONS: The 2025 ICM definition of shoulder PJI represents an evidence-informed evolution of the 2018 definition, combining statistical modeling of prospective multicenter data with structured expert consensus. The definition is expected to continue to evolve as further shoulder-specific data become available.
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