Magnesium deficiency is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), affecting up to 48% of patients, yet remains underrecognized in routine clinical practice. A bidirectional relationship between hypomagnesemia and insulin resistance has been well characterized, and observational data consistently link higher magnesium intake to reduced risks of T2DM, hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. However, supplementation trials have yielded inconsistent results, limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up, heterogeneous formulations with differing bioavailability, and variable glycemic endpoints. Serum magnesium, the most widely used clinical measure, reflects less than 1% of total body stores and may fail to detect clinically significant depletion. No randomized trial has been powered for hard clinical outcomes such as diabetes prevention or cardiovascular events. Current American Diabetes Association guidelines recommend magnesium screening and supplementation only in high-risk groups with documented deficiency, with emphasis on dietary optimization as a first-line strategy. A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE from inception through December 2025, with priority given to meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and clinical practice guidelines, particularly the ADA position statement and the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Magnesium Fact Sheet. This narrative review critically examines the evidence linking magnesium to glycemic control and cardiovascular risk in T2DM, highlights key methodological limitations, and identifies research priorities such as biomarker validation, formulation comparison trials, and adequately powered cardiovascular outcome studies needed to determine whether magnesium optimization should be incorporated into routine diabetes care.

Art is integrated into the Mayo Clinic environment. Since the original Mayo Clinic Building was finished in 1914, many pieces have been donated or commissioned for patients and staff to enjoy. Each issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings features a work of art (as interpreted by the author) that is displayed in a building or on the grounds of Mayo Clinic campuses.

Cybersecurity has become a critical determinant of patient safety, business continuity, and organizational resilience in health care. Health care organizations are increasingly targeted by ransomware, data theft, and related attacks that disrupt clinical operations, threaten patient safety, delay care, and compromise sensitive information. Although often viewed as technical failures, many incidents originate in routine human behaviors, including phishing responses, credential misuse, unsafe downloads, and inappropriate use of personal devices or applications. This review focuses on clinician-level actions that can reduce both personal and organizational risk, including strong and unique passwords, multifactor authentication, phishing recognition and reporting, timely software updates, secure network use, careful management of personal devices and apps, and avoidance of risky removable media or untrusted downloads. It also emphasizes preparedness for extended network downtime, including familiarity with business continuity processes for documentation, ordering, communication, and care coordination when core digital systems are unavailable.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer deaths in females globally. In the United States, more than 300,000 new cases of invasive BC are diagnosed annually, and more than 40,000 patients die of metastatic BC. Herein, we discuss the current and evolving management of invasive BC. Despite major progress, ongoing challenges include how best to optimize treatment based on BC subtype and how to address treatment resistance for patients with metastatic BC. Efforts to further refine surgical approaches, radiation therapy, and preoperative and postoperative systemic therapies are under way, as are attempts to further elucidate the utility of immunotherapy and targeted therapies in various BC care settings.