- Towards a Cortical Framework of Neuroimmune Representation: The Insular Cortex at the Brain-Immune Interface. [Review]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026 Sep 24; :1. [Online ahead of print]N
- CONCLUSIONS: Beyond its role in bidirectional neuroimmune regulation, the insular cortex has been proposed to function as a cortical hub for encoding immune-state representations.Resolving where and how the brain encodes peripheral immune states will not only illuminate how central dysregulation contributes to disease, but may reveal new therapeutic targets in which experiential and cognitive variables become tractable levers for immune intervention.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Temporal Dynamics in Neuroimmunomodulation and Aging: Moving Beyond Snapshot Biology. [Letter]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026 Sep 16; :1. [Online ahead of print]N
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Retraction Statement: Tetrahydrocurcumin Provides Neuroprotection in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway as a Potential Mechanism. [Journal Article]
- The article "Tetrahydrocurcumin Provides Neuroprotection in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway as a Potential Mechanism." [Neuroimmunomodulation. 2018;24(6):348-355. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487998] by Guan Wei, Bingji Chen, Qingjiang Lin, Yasong Li, Liangqin Luo, Hefan He, and Huangde Fu has been retracted by the Publisher and the Editor.After publication, conce…
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Taselisib, a PI3K inhibitor, alleviates neuropathic pain through HIF-1a-mediated angiogenesis in a rat model of chronic constriction injury. [Journal Article]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026 Sep 09; :1. [Online ahead of print]N
- CONCLUSIONS: Taselisib alleviates neuropathic pain by disrupting HIF-1α-mediated angiogenic, inflammatory, and metabolic signaling. Targeting the PI3K-HIF-1α axis offers a promising therapeutic approach.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- The importance of the individual baseline immunometabolic and cerebrovascular state in correctly interpreting functional neuroimaging data: Lessons from blood mitochondrial respirometry. [Letter]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026 Sep 09; :1. [Online ahead of print]N
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Disease-Specific Associations of Physical Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. [Journal Article]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026 Sep 05; :1. [Online ahead of print]N
- CONCLUSIONS: Associations with PA differ between RA and SLE. In RA, fibromyalgia is associated with lower PA, whereas in SLE, PA reflects a multifactorial interplay of functional and psychological factors, supporting disease-specific approaches to PA promotion.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Associations of a Pre-Chemotherapy Anxiety-Sleep Disturbance Phenotype with Cellular Immunity and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Statistical Mediation by Cortisol and IL-6. [Journal Article]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026 Sep 05; :1. [Online ahead of print]N
- CONCLUSIONS: The anxiety-sleep disturbance symptom cluster in CRC chemotherapy patients is associated with neuroendocrine-inflammatory dysregulation, effector immune suppression, Treg expansion, and impaired QoL. Exploratory mediation findings suggest that cortisol and IL-6 may be involved in statistical indirect associations between this pre-chemotherapy anxiety-sleep disturbance phenotype and immune/QoL outcomes; longitudinal studies are needed to determine temporal and causal relationships.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Heat stress-activated P2X7 receptor induces astrocyte activation and regulates glioma tumor microenvironment via calcium signaling pathway. [Journal Article]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026 Aug 06; :1-23. [Online ahead of print]N
- CONCLUSIONS: Heat stress facilitates glioblastoma progression by activating astrocytes through the P2X7-mediated calcium-calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway. These findings highlight P2X7 as a potential therapeutic target for optimizing hyperthermia-based strategies in glioblastoma treatment.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- The Mechanism of Carboxypeptidase E Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: CPE is downregulated in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mouse model of depression-like behavior. CPE overexpression can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and then reduce pyroptosis, hence repairing cellular damage in the hippocampal CA1 region and eventually suppressing depressive-like behaviors.
- PMC Free PDF
- Extracellular Matrix-Mediated Neuroendocrine Control of the Thymus. [Review]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026; 33(1):304-314.N
- CONCLUSIONS: A key, yet underexplored, component of the thymic microenvironment is the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is very clear today that ECM is not a passive scaffold but a dynamic structure that presents critical signals for thymocyte migration, proliferation, and selection. This review synthesizes current evidence to propose a novel paradigm: the thymic ECM acts as a key mediator of neuroendocrine control. We explore how specific ECM molecules, such as laminins, collagens, and fibronectin, expressed by TECs and other microenvironmental cells, can be modulated by neuroendocrine ligands.Theses ECM modulations directly impact the presentation of key receptors, such as integrins, thereby influencing the critical crosstalk between a given thymic niche and developing lymphocytes. By delineating the ECM-mediated mechanisms, this review aimed to provide a more holistic understanding of how neuroendocrine factors govern thymic physiology, with implications for aging, stress-related immunosenescence, and therapeutic strategies aimed at thymic regeneration.
- PMC Free PDF
- Inflammation-Induced Temperature Shifts and Mitochondrial Function: Rethinking Biomarker Interpretation in Depressive Disorders. [Letter]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026; 33(1):300-303.N
- PMC Free PDF
- The Participation of Prolactin in the Immunopathology of Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis. [Journal Article]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026; 33(1):288-299.N
- CONCLUSIONS: Prolactin and its receptors appear to contribute to immune activation during pulmonary tuberculosis, particularly in the early stages of infection. Prolactin administration during late active disease reactivates immune protection. Although we do not demonstrate the mechanisms underlying these observations, these results could serve as a basis for expanding future experimental research.
- PMC Free PDF
- <italic>Mycobacterium vaccae</italic> NCTC 11659 Attenuates Early Life Adversity-Induced Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in Mice. [Journal Article]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026; 33(1):278-287.N
- CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings highlight hippocampal neuroimmune pathways as a mechanism by which predominantly ELA shapes long-term vulnerability, and support M. vaccae NCTC 11659 as a promising strategy for mitigating ELA-induced neuroinflammation.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Depressive Symptoms in Obese Individuals Accompanied by Greater Basal Inflammation but Lower Monocyte Inflammatory Responses to LPS: A Quest to Uncover Immunologic Links between Depression and Obesity. [Journal Article]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026; 33(1):264-277.N
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide the evidence that greater adiposity is associated with depressive symptoms and that obese individuals even without clinical depression experience elevated depressive symptoms. Whether immunologic dysregulation underlies this depressive mood-adiposity association is inconclusive despite greater CRP and lower monocyte reactivity among the obese, but low-grade inflammation in obesity may contribute to impaired innate immune responses to immunological challenge. Additional mechanistic investigations of obesity-related immune dysregulation underlying mood disorders would inform effective therapeutics.
- PMC Free PDF
- A Comprehensive Review of Worldwide Case Series of Neurocysticercosis and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis. [Review]Neuroimmunomodulation. 2026; 33(1):225-235.N
- CONCLUSIONS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect focusing on publications describing epilepsy due to NCC with HS. Twenty-three original articles, identified through 2023, were retrieved from Brazil, Ecuador, India, Mexico, and Korea. The proposed relationships between NCC and HS include incidental coexistence, NCC as an initial precipitating injury, and the presence of a third variable. While multiple hypotheses have been discussed and reported cases compiled, the precise nature of this association remains unresolved.Although the mechanisms underlying the relationship between NCC and HS are not fully elucidated, evidence supports their coexistence in patients with epilepsy. Recognition of this association is important for clinical evaluation and may guide future research on pathogenesis and management.
- PMC Free PDF