This practice guideline from the American Epilepsy Society and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons provides evidence-based recommendations for surgical treatment of epilepsy for adults and children. It is an update to previous practice parameters published by the Academy of Neurology in 2003. The multidisciplinary panel addressed resective procedures for mesial temporal epilepsy, neocortical epilepsy, and resection/disconnection of hypothalamic hamartoma. It also examined evidence for callosotomy in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. It did not intentionally address neurostimulation treatment. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Education methodology, and it was also used for decision making. This guideline considers not only seizure outcomes but also other critical and important outcomes. Seizures, quality of life, mortality, adverse events, and verbal memory loss were considered critical outcomes, whereas other neuropsychological deficits besides verbal memory loss (ie, naming, fluency), neuropsychiatric, and social outcomes were considered important outcomes.