- Gastric bypass as treatment for obesity: trends, characteristics, and complications. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass procedures in the United States have increased rapidly since 1998, whereas the average hospital stay has decreased. The decreasing length of stay needs to be evaluated in conjunction with potential complication rates and the permanent change in anatomy and lifestyle that must accompany this procedure. Monitoring trends in use of this procedure is important, especially if reimbursement policies change and the epidemic of obesity continues.
- Tanner staging of secondary sexual characteristics and body composition, blood pressure, and insulin in black girls. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Combined with age, breast development was a better predictor of body composition and fasting insulin than was pubic hair development or a composite index of pubertal staging.
- Stability of the association between birth weight and childhood overweight during the development of the obesity epidemic. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the prevalence of overweight could not be explained by time trends in the distribution of birth weight or by changes in the association between birth weight and the later risk of overweight over time. This implies that, unless the prenatal environment influences the later risk of overweight without increasing birth weight, the environmental influences contributing to the obesity epidemic in children of school age operate in the early postnatal period.
- Trends in height and BMI of 6-year-old children during the nutrition transition in Chile. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Tallness is significantly associated with increased obesity risk in children, while stunting is also associated, but to a lesser degree.
- Body weight and health status: importance of socioeconomic position and working conditions. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Body weight was associated with physical health only. Lower levels of relative weight in women than in men may be associated with poor physical health. High body weight combined with adverse working conditions may impose a double burden on physical health.
- Predictors of long-term weight maintenance. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The best predictors for weight maintenance after weight loss were an increase in dietary restraint during weight loss, a high baseline resting metabolic rate, a relatively high baseline fat mass favoring a fat-free mass-sparing effect during weight loss, a rather stable BW, and a low frequency of dieting. Therefore, BW maintenance after BW loss seems to be a multifactorial issue, including mechanisms that regulate an individuals' energy expenditure, body composition, and eating behavior in such a way that energy homeostasis is maintained.
- An environmental approach to obesity prevention in children: Medical College of Georgia FitKid Project year 1 results. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: These results are promising in light of the potential impact on the emerging childhood obesity epidemic. The Medical College of Georgia FitKid Project has the potential to be institutionalized because it is built on the existing infrastructure in most public schools in the U.S.
- Water and food consumption patterns of U.S. adults from 1999 to 2001. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Water consumption potentially is a dietary component to be promoted, but much more must be understood about its role in a healthy diet. Because high water consumption is linked with healthier eating patterns-patterns more likely to be followed by higher-educated, older adults-the target of water promotion and healthy diet options should focus on younger and less educated adults.
- Total and regional fat distribution is strongly influenced by genetic factors in young and elderly twins. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The h(2) estimates emphasize that body fat and distribution as determined by DXA scan are under extensive genetic control.
- The APOA4 Thr347->Ser347 polymorphism is not a major risk factor of obesity. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the APOA4 347Ser allele is not a major risk factor for obesity or overweight.
- Meta-analysis on the G-308A tumor necrosis factor alpha gene variant and phenotypes associated with the metabolic syndrome. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that individuals who carried the -308A TNFalpha gene variant are at 23% risk of developing obesity compared with controls and showed significantly higher systolic arterial blood pressure and plasma insulin levels, supporting the hypothesis that the TNFalpha gene is involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
- ACDC/adiponectin and PPAR-gamma gene polymorphisms: implications for features of obesity. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in the ACDC gene are associated with body fat distribution, whereas the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma is associated with overall adiposity, apparently in interaction with an ACDC promoter SNP.
- Effect of low- and high-calcium dairy-based diets on macronutrient oxidation in humans. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of a dairy-based high-calcium diet increased 24-hour fat oxidation under conditions of acute energy deficit. We hypothesize that these effects are due to an increased fat oxidation during exercise.
- Adolescent sex differences in adiponectin are conditional on pubertal development and adiposity. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences in adiponectin are dependent on both puberty stage and adiposity in adolescents, such that by post-puberty, non-lean boys exhibit the lowest levels of adiponectin.