- Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease after assisted reproductive technology and infertility: A cohort study. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug 12; 23(8):e1005120. [Online ahead of print]PM
- CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of ischemic cerebral conditions, the findings provide reassurance regarding the long-term cardiometabolic safety of ART use, while adding to the growing literature suggesting that infertility can act as a marker of women's cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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- Comparative effectiveness of lipid-nutrient spread supplementation regimens for moderate acute malnutrition in Ethiopia: The MODAM-MAM individually randomized controlled trial. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug 11; 23(8):e1005199. [Online ahead of print]PM
- CONCLUSIONS: Both experimental arms, one RUTF sachet daily and two RUTF sachets daily, are non-inferior to the standard dosing of one RUSF sachet daily for MAM supplementation. Although two sachets of RUTF daily yielded slightly higher recovery, the marginal benefits do not justify substantially greater resource demands. Because one RUTF and one RUSF sachet daily yielded similar treatment outcomes, either product can be considered an effective option for supplementation. Product choice may therefore be guided by supply, cost, and operational considerations.
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- Short-term risk of falls among initiators of controlled-release tapentadol versus oxycodone in New South Wales between 2014 and 2020: A population-based retrospective cohort study. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug; 23(8):e1004950.PM
- CONCLUSIONS: Tapentadol (SR) was associated with a lower risk of falls than oxycodone (CR) up to four weeks after initiation, although absolute differences were small. The reduction in risk may be an important consideration in older patients where the consequences of falls are most severe.
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- Risk stratification for significant acute traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in older adults after a ground-level fall: A prospective multicentre cohort study. [Multicenter Study]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug; 23(8):e1004935.PM
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that factors drawn from patient history and physical examination were associated with significant acute traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in older adults after a ground-level fall. Incorporating these factors into decision rules could provide a reliable strategy to stratify risk and reduce unnecessary CT scan. We hypothesize that the PIWI 1 rule could be used in patients with a clear history of the fall, while the PIWI 2 rule could be applied in other cases. Such rules need to be validated externally and independently for their implementation in clinical practice, but may already be of aid for identifying high-risk patients.
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- Time trends in stroke incidence and modifiable risk factor prevalence in England (2018-2024): A record linkage population-based study. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug 07; 23(8):e1004999. [Online ahead of print]PM
- CONCLUSIONS: There was an increase in stroke incidence at younger ages, with no increase at older ages, especially for ethnic minority groups, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This coincided with worsening in risk factor identification and diagnosis in primary care, highlighting missed opportunities that need to be urgently addressed.
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- Surgical palliative care: A multidisciplinary perspective on where we stand and how we need to evolve. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug; 23(8):e1005188.PM
- Surgical palliative care (SPC) integrates the principles of symptom-based care and relief of suffering into traditional surgical practice. From the perspectives of a bedside nurse, surgical critical care fellow, and surgical oncologist, there are natural opportunities to incorporate these principles and in doing so, progress towards SPC becoming the standard of practice.
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- Cost-effectiveness of pirfenidone for patients with cancer and grade 2 or grade 3 radiation-induced lung injury: A modeling study. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug; 23(8):e1004817.PM
- CONCLUSIONS: For grade 2 or 3 RILI, pirfenidone plus glucocorticoids is cost-effective compared with glucocorticoids alone. This strategy offers a practical and evidence-based option for RILI clinical management.
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- Adherence to medications, lifestyle advice, and self-monitoring for type 2 diabetes and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and interactive network analysis. [Systematic Review]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug; 23(8):e1005189.PM
- CONCLUSIONS: Adherence across treatment pillars is suboptimal. Education, self-efficacy, and social support represent priority candidates for future interventional studies aimed at improving adherence. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024626793).
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- Trajectories of physical function, depressive symptoms, and cognitive performance before and after falls in older adults: A matched multicohort study. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Aug; 23(8):e1005083.PM
- CONCLUSIONS: In older adults, multidomain functional decline appears to precede falls by several years and worsens further after fall events. Falls may therefore signal broader functional deterioration and highlight the need for prevention and management strategies addressing physical, psychological, and cognitive domains.
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- Expanding the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease beyond maternal behaviors. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Jul; 23(7):e1005208.PM
- Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) research has long emphasized maternal pregnancy behaviors as key determinants of child health. New evidence recently published in PLOS Medicine suggests the greatest opportunities to improve child health may lie in tackling socioeconomic disadvantage rather than maternal behavior alone.
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- Maternal congenital heart disease: Implications for the next generation. [Review]PLoS Med. 2026 Jul; 23(7):e1005191.PM
- Advances in medical and surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) now allows most affected individuals to reach adulthood and parenthood. While maternal CHD is associated with pregnancy complications, emerging evidence suggests a possible increased risk of developmental challenges in offspring, particularly among children of mothers with severe CHD.
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- The cancer survivorship paradox in the digital era. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Jul; 23(7):e1005174.PM
- Many assumptions around patient needs and support guide current oncology practice and cancer survivorship care in the digital era. Addressing these assumptions and providing smarter, holistic, tech-enabled follow-up models are essential for truly effective and sustainable person-centered care.
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- Exploring parental prenatal influences on child health: A multicohort study and data visualisation tool. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Jul; 23(7):e1005153.PM
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that wider familial socioeconomic conditions may be a more important determinant of child health than specific parental health behaviours prenatally. Interventions to improve population health may be most effective if they target wider social inequalities, rather than individual behaviours and mothers specifically. We encourage researchers to use EPoCH Explorer to prioritise associations for exploration in their own datasets, thus enabling replication and cross-context comparison to validate and extend the generalisability of our findings.
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- Whose fears count? Legitimacy, trust and viral outbreak responses after COVID-19. [Editorial]PLoS Med. 2026 Jul; 23(7):e1005184.PM
- COVID-19 transformed viral outbreak response from a predominantly public health challenge into a political and security concern. Recent responses to Ebola, mpox, and other emerging infections suggest that preparedness is increasingly shaped by whose fears are prioritized in decision-making. The challenge is ensuring that competing perceptions of risk are managed in ways that are perceived as legi…
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- Optimising scale-up of injectable lenacapavir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in South Africa: A modelling study and economic evaluation. [Journal Article]PLoS Med. 2026 Jul; 23(7):e1004882.PM
- CONCLUSIONS: Delivering LEN to persons with elevated HIV risk in South Africa is more cost-effective than existing oral PrEP and can speed up HIV incidence reduction. Prioritising uptake among groups at highest risk is essential to maximise impact and cost-effectiveness.
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