Among breast cancer patients, diagnostics differs depending on the disease stage that patients are in because in every disease stage other forms of diagnostics can be considered to be more precise. Whereas some forms of diagnostics are particularly effective in early-stage breast cancer identification, others are more effective in late-stage identification. This perspective looks at new oncologic diagnostic developments that may engender an emotional rollercoaster ride among metastatic breast cancer patients and their close relatives and healthcare professionals. The text touches upon the impact that new diagnostics can have on treatment approaches, especially if those diagnostic outcome measures could change the disease stage from curable (stage III) to incurable (stage IV). A multidisciplinary approach in which diagnostics, pathology, the view of the treating doctor, and the patient's voice are included probably guarantees the best possible treatment and care for breast cancer patients in these so-called gray oncologic areas. This perspective refers to new diagnostic oncologic developments that may sometimes create an emotional rollercoaster ride among metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients and their close relatives and healthcare professionals. It touches upon the impact that new diagnostics can have on treatment approaches, especially if diagnostic outcome measures can change the disease stage from curable (stage III) to incurable (stage IV). The text specifically touches upon a gray area in oncology in which a proportion of patients could be cured, such as with oligometastatic disease (OMD).

The aim of this review was to outline critical considerations for physicians caring for older adults engaged in sports and exercise. The number of older adults in the United States is projected to increase, requiring physicians to deepen their understanding of geriatric exercise to provide optimal care. Enhanced physical activity among older adults is associated with improved strength, endurance, functionality, stress reduction, and cognitive health. Physicians can evaluate patient readiness for exercise through physical examinations, echocardiography, exercise stress tests, and bone mineral density tests. A recommended regimen includes 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic activities weekly, alongside twice-weekly muscle-strengthening exercises. Physiologic changes and slower healing rates in older adults heighten their injury risks, however. As such, physicians should ensure a safe exercise environment to minimize these risks while maximizing health benefits. With proper guidance, older adults can enhance their quality of life through tailored exercise programs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001965.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001995.].