Two clinical cases of the onset and recurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in military personnel with penetrating wounds of the lower extremities are presented. Both patients were taking a prophylactic dose of anticoagulants. In the first case, high-risk PE developed with recurrent hypertension and few symptoms, which contributed to late diagnosis and sudden death. In the second case, PE recurred in a patient receiving a full dose of anticoagulants for no apparent reason. Therefore, attention should be paid to this category of patients with penetrating injuries of the lower extremities, their risk of VTE should be stratified in more detail, and the possibility of PE recurrence should be considered, even against the background of anticoagulant therapy.It is promising that risk scales should be reviewed and new criteria for the diagnosis and possibility of recurrence of PE should be developed for this category of patients, which will take into account a greater number of risk factors, develop algorithms for the diagnosis of PE with the possibility of more frequent detailed examinations, and adjust the prophylactic doses of anticoagulants, taking into account the inability to wear elastic stockings due to wounds on the lower extremities.

Female patient was urgently admitted to the surgical department. The patient underwent a general clinical examination, abdominal and chest radiography, endoscopy, CT of the abdominal organs, consultations with related specialists. To establish a definitive diagnosis and determine the course of treatment, a laparotomy was performed, involving debridement and drainage of the abdominal cavity. As the condition continued to progress, a subtotal colectomy with colostomy was performed. X-ray of the chest, abdominal organs, and fibrogastroduodenoscopy revealed no pathology. CT scan revealed signs of bilateral pneumonia and ascites. During fibrocolonoscopy, a diagnosis was made: Crohn's disease of the sigmoid colon. Due to the development of peritonitis, laparotomy, sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity were performed. The condition was worsening. Relaparotomy, subtotal colectomy, and colostomy were performed. On the third day after relaparotomy, the condition sharply worsened and death occurred. The case we studied emphasizes that when assessing the nature of acute surgical pathology of the abdominal cavity, it is necessary to remember Crohn's disease, especially when combined with damage to other systems. When diagnosing this disease, it is necessary to use all possibilities, but the determining factor for making a diagnosis is histological examination. Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease should include all drugs in accordance with clinical protocols, with the use of surgical treatment if complications develop.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has attracted increasing interest as a potential supportive intervention in neurological disorders. By increasing the amount of oxygen dissolved in blood plasma, HBOT enhances oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues and may influence mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity, inflammation, and tissue repair. Experimental and clinical studies suggest that HBOT may support neurological recovery in selected conditions, particularly following ischemic or traumatic brain injury. However, the effectiveness of HBOT varies depending on the underlying disease, and further high-quality clinical studies are needed to establish its role in neurological rehabilitation.The article was based on an analysis of data from Google Scholar and PubMed regarding the effects of hyperbaric therapy.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and a predisposition to arterial, venous, and microvascular thrombotic manifestations. In this article, the authors analyzed the available literature sources in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for the period from 2019 to 2026, focusing on the epidemiological, gender-related, etiopathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of antiphospholipid syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome emerges as a systemic immune-vascular nosological entity in which cerebrovascular and cardiovascular manifestations constitute the main clinical phenotype and determine the long-term prognosis of the disease. Understanding antiphospholipid syndrome as a unified immune-coagulation process is of fundamental importance for clinical practice, as it provides a basis for more accurate risk stratification, early identification of patients with a high probability of severe vascular complications, and the development of pathogenetically substantiated therapeutic methods targeting not only the coagulation cascade but also the immune and inflammatory components of the disease. Such an integrative approach is fundamental to optimizing treatment and improving the prognosis of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.