| Title | A clinical trial of a whole-virus H5N1 vaccine derived from cell culture. | | Author(s) | Ehrlich HJ, Müller M, Oh HM, Tambyah PA, Joukhadar C, Montomoli E, Fisher D, Berezuk G, Fritsch S, Löw-Baselli A, Vartian N, Bobrovsky R, Pavlova BG, Pöllabauer EM, Kistner O, Barrett PN, Baxter H5N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Clinical Study Team | | Institution | Department of Global Research and Development, Baxter BioScience, Vienna, Austria. | | Source | N Engl J Med 2008 Jun 12; 358(24):2573-84. | | MeSH | Adjuvants, Immunologic
Adult
Animals
Antibodies, Viral
Cercopithecus aethiops
Cross Reactions
Female
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
Influenza Vaccines
Influenza, Human
Injections, Intramuscular
Male
Neutralization Tests
Vero Cells
| | Abstract | BACKGROUND: Widespread infections of avian species with avian influenza H5N1 virus and its limited spread to humans suggest that the virus has the potential to cause a human influenza pandemic. An urgent need exists for an H5N1 vaccine that is effective against divergent strains of H5N1 virus.
METHODS: In a randomized, dose-escalation, phase 1 and 2 study involving six subgroups, we investigated the safety of an H5N1 whole-virus vaccine produced on Vero cell cultures and determined its ability to induce antibodies capable of neutralizing various H5N1 strains. In two visits 21 days apart, 275 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 45 years received two doses of vaccine that each contained 3.75 microg, 7.5 microg, 15 microg, or 30 microg of hemagglutinin antigen with alum adjuvant or 7.5 microg or 15 microg of hemagglutinin antigen without adjuvant. Serologic analysis was performed at baseline and on days 21 and 42.
RESULTS: The vaccine induced a neutralizing immune response not only against the clade 1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004) virus strain but also against the clade 2 and 3 strains. The use of adjuvants did not improve the antibody response. Maximum responses to the vaccine strain were obtained with formulations containing 7.5 microg and 15 microg of hemagglutinin antigen without adjuvant. Mild pain at the injection site (in 9 to 27% of subjects) and headache (in 6 to 31% of subjects) were the most common adverse events identified for all vaccine formulations.
CONCLUSIONS: A two-dose vaccine regimen of either 7.5 microg or 15 microg of hemagglutinin antigen without adjuvant induced neutralizing antibodies against diverse H5N1 virus strains in a high percentage of subjects, suggesting that this may be a useful H5N1 vaccine. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00349141.) | | Language | eng | | Pub Type(s) | Clinical Trial, Phase I
Clinical Trial, Phase II
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
| | PubMed ID | 18550874 |
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