Wang J, Sun J, Zhang X, Huang D, Fejer MM Ultrafast all-optical three-input Boolean XOR operation for differential phase-shift keying signals using periodically poled lithium niobate. [Journal Article] Opt Lett 2008 Jul 1; 33(13):1419-21.
We propose and demonstrate that periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) can act as an ultrafast three-input XOR gate for differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation. PPLN-based all-optical three-input Boolean XOR operations for 20 Gbits/s return-to-zero DPSK (RZ-DPSK), 40 Gbits/s RZ-DPSK, and 20 Gbits/s non-return-to-zero DPSK signals are all successfully verified in the experiment.
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