| Title | How Shelterin Protects Mammalian Telomeres. | | Author(s) | Palm W, de Lange T | | Institution | Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021; current address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. | | Source | Annu Rev Genet 2008 Aug 4. | | Abstract | The genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotic organelles are usually circular as are most plasmids and viral genomes. In contrast, the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes are organized on linear chromosomes, which require mechanisms to protect and replicate DNA ends. Eukaryotes navigate these problemswith the advent of telomeres, protective nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of linear chromosomes, and telomerase, the enzyme that maintains the DNA in these structures. Mammalian telomeres contain a specific protein complex, shelterin, that functions to protect chromosome ends from all aspects of the DNA damage response and regulates telomere maintenance by telomerase. Recent experiments, discussed here, have revealed how shelterin represses the ATM and ATR kinase signaling pathways and hides chromosome ends from nonhomologous end joining and homology-directed repair. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics Volume 42 is November 3, 2008. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates. | | Language | ENG | | Pub Type(s) | JOURNAL ARTICLE
| | PubMed ID | 18680434 |
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