Antioxidant Vitamins, Long-Chain Fatty Acids, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) [Epidemiology] Journal article | | Title | Antioxidant Vitamins, Long-Chain Fatty Acids, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth. | | Author(s) | Kramer MS, Kahn SR, Platt RW, Genest J, Rozen R, Chen MF, Goulet L, Séguin L, Dassa C, Lydon J, McNamara H, Dahhou M, Lamoureux J, Evans RW | | Institution | From the Departments of aPediatrics, bEpidemiology and Biostatistics, cMedicine, dCardiology, eHuman Genetics and Biology, and fPathology, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; gDépartement de médecine sociale et prevéntive, Faculté de médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of hPsychology and iObstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and jDepartment of Epidemiology-Heinz Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. | | Source | Epidemiology 2009 Jun 29. | | Abstract | BACKGROUND:: Neither macro- nor micronutrient supplements have been clearly demonstrated to reduce the risk of preterm birth. However, there has been little attention to carotenoids, tocopherols, and long-chain fatty acids other than n-3 polyunsaturates.
METHODS:: We conducted a case-control study nested in a large (n = 5337) prospective, multicenter cohort. All cohort women had an interview, examination, and venipuncture at 24-26 weeks' gestation. Frozen plasma samples in spontaneous preterm births (n = 207) and approximately 2-term controls per case (n = 443) were analyzed for carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and long-chain fatty acids. Fresh placentas were fixed, stained, and assessed (without knowledge of pregnancy outcome) for histologic evidence of infection or inflammation, decidual vasculopathy, and infarction.
RESULTS:: High (above the median) plasma concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotene, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were all associated with reductions in risk of spontaneous preterm birth, with evidence of dose-response effects across quartiles. Modest increases in risk were observed with elevated total monounsaturated, total polyunsaturated, and total n-6 polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids concentrations. Paradoxically, a high gamma-tocopherol concentration was associated with increased preterm birth risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8 [95% confidence interval = 1.2-2.6]). Only one of the studied micronutrients (lutein) was independently associated with a reduced risk of decidual vasculopathy (0.5 [0.3-0.9]).
CONCLUSIONS:: Carotenoids and long-chain fatty acids warrant further investigation in in vitro, animal, and human studies of preterm birth. | | Language | ENG | | Pub Type(s) | JOURNAL ARTICLE
| | PubMed ID | 19568173 |
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