Tang R, Evans H, Chaput A, Kim C
Multimodal analgesia for hip arthroplasty. [Journal Article, Review]
Orthop Clin North Am 2009 Jul; 40(3):377-87.
Multimodal analgesia incorporates the use of analgesic adjuncts with different mechanisms of action to enhance postoperative pain management. Acetaminophen, anti-inflammatories, and gabapentinoids provide effective analgesia while reducing opioid requirements and opioid-related side effects. Intrathecal morphine and periarticular local anesthetic infiltration further enhance dynamic analgesia and improve postoperative mobilization. Epidural analgesia, peripheral nerve blocks, tramadol, ketamine, and/or clonidine can be added for improved benefit in opioid-tolerant individuals.
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