| Title | Influence of observational study design on the interpretation of cancer risk reduction by carotenoids. | | Author(s) | Musa-Veloso K, Card JW, Wong AW, Cooper DA | | Institution | Cantox Health Sciences International, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. kmusa-veloso@cantox.com | | Source | Nutr Rev 2009 Sep; 67(9):527-45. | | MeSH | Anticarcinogenic Agents
Carotenoids
Diet
Humans
Neoplasms
Research Design
Risk Factors
Risk Reduction Behavior
| | Abstract | Recently published literature has been reviewed to determine whether lycopene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin are associated with reductions in cancer risk and whether study findings differ by study design. A total of 57 publications meeting pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified, with the majority (55) being observational studies. None of the intervention studies supported a significant reduction in cancer risk with carotenoid (beta-carotene) supplementation. The majority of observational studies did not support significant reductions in cancer risk with increased carotenoid dietary intakes/circulating levels. A larger percentage of case-control studies supported significant associations between increased dietary intakes/circulating levels of carotenoids relative to prospective (cohort and nested case-control) studies. Compared to prospective studies, case-control studies cannot be used to establish temporality and may be more susceptible to selection and recall biases. Thus, diet-disease relationships suggested by case-control studies should ideally be confirmed by additional evidence from prospective studies. | | Language | eng | | Pub Type(s) | Journal Article
Review
| | PubMed ID | 19703260 |
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