Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthesis by Cimicifuga racemosa (Actaea racemosa, black cohosh) extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology [J Pharm Pharmacol] Journal article | | Title | Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthesis by Cimicifuga racemosa (Actaea racemosa, black cohosh) extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. | | Author(s) | Schmid D, Gruber M, Woehs F, Prinz S, Etzlstorfer B, Prucker C, Fuzzati N, Kopp B, Moeslinger T | | Institution | Institute for Physiology, Section of Vegetative Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. | | Source | J Pharm Pharmacol 2009 Aug; 61(8):1089-96. | | MeSH | Animals
Carboxylic Acids
Cells, Cultured
Cimicifuga
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Glycosides
Lipopolysaccharides
Macrophages
Medicine, Traditional
Mice
Nitric Oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Plant Extracts
Plant Roots
RNA, Messenger
Rabbits
Triterpenes
| | Abstract | OBJECTIVES: Cimicifuga racemosa (Actaea racemosa, black cohosh) is used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic remedy in traditional medicines. The present study focuses on the effects of C. racemosa root extracts on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7).
METHODS: C. racemosa rhizome and phosphate-buffered saline extracts were analysed for phenolcarboxylic acids and triterpene glycosides using an HPLC photodiode array/evaporative light-scattering detector system. iNOS was characterised by measurement of iNOS protein (immunoblotting), iNOS mRNA (semiquantitative competitive RT-PCR), nitric oxide production (nitrite levels) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (p65 subunit) protein. KEY
FINDINGS: Incubation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages with aqueous C. racemosa extracts (0-6 mg/ml) inhibited nitrite accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. C. racemosa extracts also reduced iNOS protein expression and iNOS mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. C. racemosa extracts did not significantly inhibit iNOS activity and did not affect nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (p65 subunit) protein. Incubation with the extract was associated with a concentration-dependent reduction of interferon beta and interferon regulatory factor 1 mRNA. Among the triterpene glycosides, 23-epi-26-deoxyactein was identified as an active principle in C. racemosa extracts.
CONCLUSIONS: Extracts from the roots of C. racemosa inhibit nitric oxide production by reducing iNOS expression without affecting activity of the enzyme. This might contribute to the anti-inflammatory activities of C. racemosa. | | Language | eng | | Pub Type(s) | Journal Article
| | PubMed ID | 19703353 |
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