| Title | Preadolescents' Somatic and Cognitive-Affective Depressive Symptoms Are Differentially Related to Cardiac Autonomic Function and Cortisol: The TRAILS Study. | | Author(s) | Bosch NM, Riese H, Dietrich A, Ormel J, Verhulst FC, Oldehinkel AJ | | Institution | Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Graduate Schools for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences and for Health Research (N.M.B., H.R., J.O., A.J.O.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (H.R.), Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry (A.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (F.V., A.J.O.), Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands. | | Source | Psychosom Med 2009 Oct 15. | | Abstract | Objective: To examine in a nonclinical sample of preadolescents the possibility that somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms are differentially related with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Depression is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Dysregulation of the ANS and the HPA axis have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. Several studies suggest that only a subset of the depression symptoms account for associations with cardiovascular prognosis.
Methods: Self-reported somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms were examined in relationship to heart rate variability (HRV), spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in 2049 preadolescents (mean age = 11.1 years; 50.7% = girls) from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS).
Results: Physiological measurements were not associated with the overall measure of depressive symptoms. Somatic depressive symptoms were negatively related to HRV and BRS, and positively to the CAR; cognitive-affective depressive symptoms were positively related to HRV and BRS, and negatively to the CAR. Associations with the CAR pertained to boys only.
Conclusions: Somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms differ in their association with both cardiac autonomic and HPA axis function in preadolescents. Particularly, somatic depression symptoms may mark cardiac risk. | | Language | ENG | | Pub Type(s) | JOURNAL ARTICLE
| | PubMed ID | 19834052 |
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