Atilgan D, Uluocak N, Erdemir F, Parlaktas BS
Female Epispadias: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2009 Nov; 25(11):613-616.
Isolated female epispadias without exstrophy is an extremely rare syndrome. The symptoms of female epispadias are primary urinary incontinence and abnormal anatomical features. A 12-year-old girl presented with primary urinary incontinence. On physical examination, bifid clitoris and labia minora were seen. The vagina and hymen were normal. Voiding cystourethrogram showed no reflux. With the diagnosis of isolated female epispadias, one-stage reconstruction of the urethra, bladder neck and labia minora and clitoris was performed.
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