Pot GK, Habermann N, Majsak-Newman G, Harvey LJ, Geelen A, Przybylska-Philips K, Nagengast FM, Witteman BJ, van de Meeberg PC, Hart AR, Schaafsma G, Hooiveld G, Glei M, Lund EK, Pool-Zobel BL, Kampman E
Increasing fish consumption does not affect genotoxicity markers in the colon in an intervention study. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
Carcinogenesis 2009 Oct 27.
Observational studies suggest that fish consumption is associated with a decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A possible mechanism by which fish could reduce CRC risk is by decreasing colonic genotoxicity. However, concerns have also been raised over the levels of toxic compounds found in mainly oil-rich fish, which could increase genotoxicity. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effects of fish on genotoxicity markers in the colon in a randomized controlled parallel intervention study. For a period of six months, subjects were randomly allocated to receive two extra weekly portions of (i) oil-rich fish (salmon), (ii) lean fish (cod), or (iii) just dietary advice. The Comet Assay was used to measure the DNA damage-inducing potential of fecal water (n=89) and DNA damage in colonocytes (n=70) collected pre- and post-intervention as markers of genotoxicity. Genotoxicity of fecal water was not markedly changed after fish consumption: 1.0% increase in tail intensity (TI) (95% confidence interval (CI) -5.1; 7.0) in the salmon group and 0.4% increase in TI (95% CI -5.3; 6.1) in the cod group compared with the dietary advice group. DNA damage in colonocytes was also not significantly changed after fish consumption, in either the salmon group, (-0.5%TI, 95% CI -6.9; 6.0), or cod group (-3.3%TI, 95% CI -10.8; 4.3) compared with the dietary advice group. Measurements of genotoxicity of fecal water and DNA damage in colonocytes did not correlate (r=0.06, n=34). In conclusion, increasing consumption of either oil-rich or lean fish did not affect genotoxicity markers in the colon.
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