Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the dentoalveolar effects of three different orthodontic fixed functional appliances used to correct Class II Division 1 malocclusion using the finite element method. Methods: Three-dimensional models of the mandible, maxilla, and skull were generated from cone-beam computed tomography scans of a patient with Class II malocclusion. The PowerScope2, Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD), and Herbst appliances were scanned, digitally reconstructed and positioned on simulated dental arches. Appliance forces were applied to the meshed models to create three different loading conditions. Von Mises and principal stresses in the dentoalveolar structures and instantaneous tooth displacements were calculated using the finite element method. Results: In all simulations, the maxillary teeth moved distally, whereas the mandibular teeth moved mesially, with the latter showing greater overall movement. The Herbst appliance produced the greatest maxillary distalization, while the PowerScope2 caused the greatest mandibular mesialization. Von Mises stress was mainly concentrated on the buccal surfaces, especially on the maxillary first molars, with appliance-specific increases in the premolars/canines and additional palatal stress in the Herbst simulation. Principal stress patterns were similar for the FFRD and PowerScope2, whereas the highest principal stress values were observed in the Herbst simulation. Conclusions: Within the specific boundary conditions of this patient-derived model, the Herbst simulation produced the highest stress values while inducing minimal initial mesial displacement in the mandible, theoretically indicating a potential for reduced mandibular dentoalveolar displacement. In addition, the Herbst appliance demonstrated a more pronounced initial distalizing effect on the maxillary dentition under these simulated conditions. However, due to the inherent reliance on specific static muscle force assumptions, these biomechanical trends should be interpreted with caution and require further dynamic and clinical validation before drawing definitive conclusions regarding clinical advantages.

Background: Individuals with sensory impairments often encounter barriers to oral health information, preventive care, and dental services. Despite a growing body of research, oral health among individuals with hearing and visual impairments has not been comprehensively evaluated across the full spectrum of oral health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate oral health outcomes and dental treatment needs in individuals with hearing and visual impairments. Methods: A literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science from database inception to 8 January 2026, in collaboration with a medical information specialist, and in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies reporting oral hygiene, periodontal status, dental caries, dental needs, and other relevant oral health outcomes in individuals with hearing and visual impairments were included. Given the substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity across the included studies, findings were synthesized using a narrative approach. Results: A total of 5650 records were identified, of which 84 studies were included. Oral health problems were frequently reported among individuals with sensory impairments. Dental caries was the most common finding. Poor oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, periodontal problems, and unmet treatment needs were also often described. Additional findings included traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion, salivary and microbiological alterations, functional oral limitations, and reduced oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Individuals with sensory impairments are likely to experience poorer oral health and considerable unmet dental needs. These findings highlight the need for improved preventive strategies, effective communication approaches, and more inclusive dental care.

Background: Orthodontic retreatment patients with a history of premolar extraction for Angle Class II malocclusion exhibit distinct dental arch morphologies; however, studies characterizing these features remain limited. This pilot study aimed to objectively assess baseline dental arch morphology and preliminary retreatment-related changes in this specific patient population. Methods: In this retrospective pilot investigation, a total of 21 subjects were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups according to orthodontic history: the Retreatment Group (n = 9, patients with Class II malocclusion and a history of prior orthodontics with four-premolar extractions) and the Control Group (n = 12, first-time orthodontic patients with Class II malocclusion undergoing identical four-premolar extraction therapy during the current treatment). All participants were treated with a standardized 0.022-inch MBT self-ligating system. Pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) CBCT data were analyzed to evaluate the following variables: intercanine width, interpremolar width (IPMW), intermolar width (IMW), anterior arch depth, total arch depth, arch perimeter, intercanine angle, mesiodistal angulation (MA), buccolingual inclination (BI), depth of the curve of Spee, overbite, and overjet. Arch width was designated as the primary outcome. Student's t-tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results: At T0, the Retreatment Group had narrower posterior arches than the controls (p < 0.01; Hedges' g = 1.55-1.94), with IPMW smaller by 4.9 ± 1.11 mm (maxillary) and 5.37 ± 1.25 mm (mandibular), and IMW smaller by 4.85 ± 1.06 mm (maxillary) and 4.17 ± 1.13 mm (mandibular). They also had greater overbite and overjet, greater maxillary anterior depth, smaller intercanine angle, and lower incisor BI and canine MA (p < 0.05). From T0 to T1, the main treatment changes included arch width expansion and adjustments in MA and BI. At T1, most parameters were similar between groups, but mandibular IPMW remained narrower in the Retreatment Group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The Retreatment Group showed a distinct "arch collapse" pattern characterized by posterior constriction, increased overbite and overjet, an elongated and tapered arch, and abnormal incisor torque and canine angulation. Orthodontic retreatment corrected most of these features, but mandibular IPMW correction remained limited.

Epidemiological studies have revealed that temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) often co-occur, significantly reducing patients' quality of life, with limited and unsatisfactory treatment options. This study aimed to investigate whether the microglial inhibitor minocycline attenuates unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC)-induced somatic hyperalgesia, examine its effects on inflammatory cytokine expression in the spinal cord, and explore the underlying mechanisms. In female rats, UAC significantly reduced mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of hindpaws under corresponding stimulus conditions when compared to baseline. Somatic hyperalgesia was accompanied by significant up-regulation of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1, a microglial marker) and down-regulation of the mRNA of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the L4-L5 spinal dorsal horn, while the protein expression of IL-10 was increased. Repeated intrathecal injection of minocycline for 5 days dose-dependently inhibited UAC-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in hindpaws, down-regulated Iba-1 expression, and up-regulated IL-10 expression in the spinal dorsal horn. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that IL-10 primarily localized in microglia within the spinal dorsal horn. The analgesic effect of minocycline in UAC rats was blocked by intrathecal administration of IL-10 neutralizing antibody prior to minocycline injection. These findings indicate that minocycline attenuates UAC-induced somatic hyperalgesia by upregulating IL-10 expression and inhibiting microglial activation in the spinal cord. Therefore, minocycline may be a novel candidate analgesic for treating pain associated with TMD and FMS comorbidity.

Class II malocclusion in dogs is a skeletal abnormality characterized by mandibular distoclusion that can result in traumatic occlusion and compromised oral health. While associated soft tissue trauma is well recognized, the prevalence of concurrent congenital and developmental dental anomalies in affected dogs has not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies in dogs with class II malocclusion and compare findings to dogs with normal occlusion. Medical records from three veterinary dentistry referral centers were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs with class II malocclusion were included if they had complete oral examinations, dental charting, and full-mouth diagnostic imaging. Control dogs met the same criteria. Dental anomalies were recorded, and multivariable generalized linear models were used to compare prevalence between groups while adjusting for age, sex, and body weight (p < .05). Eighty-seven dogs with class II malocclusion and 98 controls were included. Affected dogs had a significantly higher prevalence of dental crowding, persistent deciduous teeth, and rotated teeth. Other anomalies-including supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, infraeruption, enamel defects, dilaceration, fused roots, gemination, and impacted teeth-were observed but did not differ significantly between groups. Dogs with class II malocclusion are more likely to exhibit multiple dental anomalies compared to dogs with normal occlusion. These findings suggest overlapping developmental mechanisms affecting craniofacial growth and odontogenesis. Early recognition is important for timely intervention and improved patient welfare.

Marked granuloma-like neoplasm (GLN) formation after partial glossectomy interferes with wound healing and complicates postoperative management. Although polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets are frequently used in oral surgery, few studies have comprehensively evaluated GLN incidence with and without PGA application, particularly in tongue lesions.

This study aimed to quantify 3-dimensional (3D) midfacial topography in adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion, evaluate morphologic changes following 2-jaw surgery, and identify skeletal factors associated with postoperative cheek contour. Three-dimensional facial surface data were collected from 72 adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion before and after Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, together with data from 200 age-matched controls. Sectional-line and surface-based analyses were used to characterize midfacial morphology, evaluate postsurgical changes, and compare Class III patients with controls. Regression analyses were performed to examine associations between 3D soft tissue changes and corresponding skeletal movements measured on cephalograms. Patients with skeletal class III malocclusion exhibited a flatter cheek contour before surgery, particularly in the paraorbital and malar regions, although surface analysis showed anterior positioning of the paranasal cheek region. Following 2-jaw surgery, cheek flatness improved, and sectional line measurements approached those of controls. Superior displacement of the posterior nasal spine, corresponding to posterior maxillary impaction, was significantly associated with improvement in cheek contour, whereas forward movement of the maxilla mainly influenced the subnasale, nasal alar, and upper lip regions. These findings provide a quantitative 3D framework for evaluating cheek morphology in adults with skeletal class III malocclusion and suggest that posterior maxillary impaction may contribute to postoperative improvement in cheek contour.