High-throughput approaches have transformed the study of gene regulation by enabling quantitative, genome-scale analyses in both genomics and imaging. However, applying these methods to intact organisms remains challenging, particularly for high-throughput, 3D imaging. In Caenorhabditis elegans , generalist segmentation models often perform poorly due to rapid changes in nuclear size, shape, and density. To overcome this obstacle, we developed One Click Wonder (OCW) , an automated pipeline that pairs a retrained Cellpose model with stage-specific parameter selection to deliver accurate, high-throughput segmentation of embryos. We further introduce the Biological Annotation and Association Mapper (BAAM) , which integrates segmentation with spot detection, to enable single-cell quantitation. Applied to the pioneer factor pha-4/FoxA , this pipeline revealed distinct cell populations with an eight-fold range in transcriptional burst frequency. These findings demonstrate that OCW and BAAM provide a modular, scalable pipeline for quantitative, single-cell analysis of gene expression in C. elegans embryos.

Large-Format Additive Manufacturing (LFAM) offers the ability to 3D print composites at multi-meter scale and high throughput by utilizing a screw-based extrusion system that is compatible with pelletized feedstock. As such, LFAM systems like the Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) system provide a pathway for incorporating AM techniques into industry-scale production. Despite significant growth in LFAM techniques and usage in recent years, typical Multi-Material (MM) techniques induce weak points at discrete material boundaries and encounter a higher frequency of delamination failures. A novel dual-hopper configuration was developed for the BAAM platform to enable in situ switching between material feedstocks that creates a graded transition region in the printed part. This research studied the influence of extrusion screw speed, component design, transition direction, and material viscosity on the transition behavior. Material transitions were monitored using compositional analysis as a function of extruded volume and modeled using a standard Weibull cumulative distribution function (CDF). Screw speed had a negligible influence on transition behavior, but averaging the Weibull CDF parameters of transitions printed using the same configurations demonstrated that designs intended to improve mixing increased the size of the blended material region. Further investigation showed that the relative difference and change in complex viscosity influenced the size of the blended region. These results indicate that tunable properties and material transitions can be achieved through selection and modification of composite feedstocks and their complex viscosities.

Multi-modal Image Fusion (MMIF) enhances visual tasks by combining the strengths of different image modalities to improve object visibility and texture details. However, existing methods face two major challenges: First, a lack of intrinsic frequency-domain awareness, relying heavily on complex filters and fusion techniques that can be less adaptive. Second, simplistic channel combination that overlooks essential complex inter-channel relationships. To address these issues, we propose QWNet, a novel Quaternion Wavelet Network that harnesses both spatial and frequency information to enhance the network's inductive bias towards local features. By integrating wavelet transforms, we decompose input modalities into high- and low-frequency components, capturing global structures and fine details. These components are represented as quaternions, enabling the network to model complex inter-channel dependencies often missed by traditional real-valued networks. We also introduce a Bidirectional Adaptive Attention Module (BAAM) for effective multi-modal information interaction and difference enhancement, and a Quaternion Cross-modal Fusion Module (QCFM) to strengthen inter-channel relationships and effectively combine key features from different modalities. Extensive experiments confirm that our QWNet outperforms existing methods in fusion quality and downstream tasks like semantic segmentation, using only 4.27 K parameters and a computational cost of 0.30G FLOPs. The source code will be available at https://github.com/Mrzhans/QWNet.

This work presents a sustainable approach for synthesizing magnetic macroporous nanocomposites (NCs) via Pickering-type high-internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of d,l-menthol/acetic acid (MA, 1:1 molar ratio) as a green alternative to traditional organic solvents for the internal phase. The DES-in-water HIPEs were formulated with acrylamide/N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (AAm:BAAm, 10:1 molar ratio) as the continuous phase and stabilized by a synergistic combination of the Pluronic F127 surfactant and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). HIPEs formulated with tetradecane as the internal phase were comparatively studied. The resulting materials exhibited an interconnected macroporous structure with embedded MNPs, enhancing their performance as heterogeneous Fenton catalysts. Magnetic polyHIPE NCs synthesized using MA DES demonstrated outstanding dye degradation efficiency within an 8 h reaction time, achieving removal rates of approximately 98.2% for methyl orange, 97.1% for neutral red, 98.5% for gentian violet, and 92.3% for a complex dye mixture. These materials demonstrated successful reuse across 10 cycles, with performance directly correlated to their specific surface area (SBET) and MNP content. In contrast, materials synthesized with tetradecane displayed significantly lower dye degradation efficiency (ca. 80.7% for gentian violet) due to a substantial reduction in SBET (19.84 and 7.14 m[2]/g for polyHIPEs synthesized using MA DES and tetradecane, respectively). These findings underscore the potential of hydrophobic DESs as sustainable media for developing advanced macroporous nanocomposites for environmental remediation, particularly in degrading organic pollutants from wastewater.

Light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are regarded as one of the most promising manufacturing methods. However, 3D printed objects based on free radical polymerization have disadvantages such as anisotropy, poor mechanical strength, and heat resistance and cannot meet the requirements of high-performance applications. This study reports a class of acryloyl-functional benzoxazine exhibiting excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and flame retardancy. 3-Acryloyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine (Ph-am) and bis(3-phenyl-(3-acryloyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3)-benzoxazine) (Ba-am) have been synthesized by the Mannich reaction using acrylamide as the amine source. The acryloyl-functional benzoxazine was printed by a DLP printer. Then, the oxazine ring undergoes ring-opening polymerization under a high temperature to form a dense polymer, enabling the printed object to exhibit isotropy. The Mannich bridge and hydrogen-bond structure in polybenzoxazine enhance the mechanical properties and thermal resistance of printed objects. The glass-transition temperature (Tg) and tensile strength of dual-cured Ph-am reach 270 °C and 116.55 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, after blending modification with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurate triacrylate, hybrid polymer networks have been formed. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of dual-cured P8B2T1 reaches 130.89 MPa and 6.45 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the dual-cured P8B2T1 shows good flame retardancy. This high-performance photosensitive resin has great potential in fields such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics.

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM), especially large-format additive manufacturing (LFAM), has gained momentum in the manufacturing industry. While LFAM offers benefits over conventional manufacturing processes, such as minimizing material waste and providing vast geometric freedom, assessing its sustainability remains challenging due to limited data, particularly on energy consumption. Most existing data pertain to small-scale or desktop AM and are not directly applicable to LFAM. In this study, we conducted real-time measurements of electricity usage for a type of LFAM known as big area additive manufacturing (BAAM), which typically uses fiber-reinforced polymer pellets as feedstock. We collected electricity usage data from fifteen printing jobs over two months in an industrial production setting. These data fill the existing gap and can be reused to enhance the community's understanding of LFAM electricity usage, support further research, and promote sustainable development in advanced manufacturing technologies.

The mechanical testing of additively manufactured parts has largely relied on the existing standards developed for traditional manufacturing. While this approach leverages the investment made in current standards development, it inaccurately assumes that the mechanical response of additive manufacturing (AM) parts is identical to that of parts manufactured through traditional processes. When considering thermoplastic, material extrusion AM, the differences in response can be attributed to an AM part's inherent inhomogeneity caused by porosity, interlayer zones, and surface texture. Additionally, the interlayer bonding of parts printed with large-scale AM is difficult to adequately assess, as much testing is performed such that stress is distributed across many layer interfaces; therefore, the lack of AM-specific standards to assess interlayer bonding is a significant research gap. To quantify interlayer bonding via fracture toughness, double cantilever beam (DCB) testing has been used for some AM materials, and DCB has been generally used for a variety of materials including metal, wood, and laminates. Mode I DCB testing was performed on thermoplastic matrix composites printed with Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM). Of particular interest was the notch shape and deflection speed during testing. The results examine the differences when using two notch types and three deflection speeds. The testing method introduced by the following paper differentiates itself from the ones described in the standards used by modernizing the methodology. This was conducted with the introduction of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to gather displacement and load data simultaneously without human intervention.

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been fully incorporated into both the academic and the industrial world. This technology has been shown to lower costs and environmental impacts. Moreover, AM-based technologies, such as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), have been proven suitable for the manufacturing of large products with significant mechanical requirements. This study examines the manufacture of two aeronautical toolings: first, using conventional techniques, and second, using a big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) process, specifically WAAM technology, followed by second-stage hybrid machining. Both toolings can be considered interchangeable in terms of design and performance. Energy and material consumption were analysed and compared throughout both tooling procedures. The results show the important optimisation of both procedures in manufacturing WAAM tooling, encompassing the additive process and second-stage hybrid machining. Nevertheless, the time required for WAAM tooling manufacturing increased significantly compared to conventional manufacturing tooling. Moreover, based on metrology data from the AM process, a theoretical study was conducted to assess different design optimisations for WAAM tooling manufacturing and determine their influence on material and energy consumption. These theoretical results improve those already obtained regarding energy and raw material savings.

Intramyocardial hydrogel injection is a promising therapy to prevent negative remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we report a mechanism for in-situ gel formation without external stimulation, resulting in an injectable and tissue-retainable hydrogel for MI treatment, and investigate its therapeutic outcomes. A liquid-like polymeric solution comprising poly(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid-co-acrylamide) (BAAm), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sorbitol (S) increases the viscous modulus by reducing the pre-added sorbitol concentration is developed. This solution achieves a sol-gel transition in-vitro in heart tissue by spontaneously diffusing the sorbitol. After intramyocardial injection, the BAAm/PVA/S with lower initial viscous modulus widely spreads in the myocardium and gelate compared to a viscoelastic alginate (ALG) hydrogel and is retained longer than the BAAm/S solution. Serial echocardiogram analyses prove that injecting the BAAm/PVA/S into the hearts of subacute MI rats significantly increases the fraction shortening and ejection shortening and attenuates the expansion of systolic LV diameter for up to 21 d after injection compared to the saline injection as a control, but the ALG injection does not. In addition, histological evaluation shows that only the BAAm/PVA/S decreases the infarct size and increases the wall thickness 21 d after injection. The BAAm/PVA/S intramyocardial injection is better at restraining systolic ventricular dilatation and cardiac failure in the rat MI model than in the control groups. Our findings highlight an effective injectable hydrogel therapy for MI by optimizing injectability-dependent distribution and retention of injected material. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In-situ gelling material is a promising strategy for intramyocardial hydrogel injection therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). Since the sol-gel transition of reported materials is driven by external stimulation such as temperature, pH, or ultraviolet, their application in vivo remains challenging. In this study, we first reported a synthetic in-situ gelling material (BAAm/PVA/S) whose gelation is stimulated by spontaneously reducing pre-added sorbitol after contacting the heart tissue. The BAAm/PVA/S solution spreads evenly, and is retained for at least 21 d in the heart tissue. Our study demonstrated that intramyocardial injection of the BAAm/PVA/S with more extensive distribution and longer retention had better effects on preventing LV dilation and improving cardiac function after MI than that of viscoelastic ALG and saline solution. We expect that these findings provide fundamental information for the optimum design of injectable biomaterials for treating MI.

This work focuses on simulating the thermal history of a vertical wall consisting of a thermoplastic composite material, poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETG) with short carbon fiber reinforcement, manufactured using a Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) system. The incremental deposition process used in additive manufacturing, which corresponds to the repeated deposition of hot material onto cooler material, contributes to the presence of residual stresses and part warping. The prediction of these mechanisms is dependent on thermal history of the part, and the major motivation of this work was to improve the accuracy of finite element (FE) models used to quantify the thermal history of large-format additively manufactured parts. Thermocouples were placed throughout the part at varying heights to measure temperature as a function of time. The FE model developed found a thermal contact conductance between the printed part and the bed of 10 W/m[2]K and convection coefficient values that linearly varied from 3 to 15 W/m[2]K through the wall height when making a temperature comparison with the output from the thermocouples. It is also demonstrated that the FE model with a constant convection coefficient under-predicts model temperature at the beginning of the manufacturing process when compared against the model with a variable convection coefficient. The impact of this difference was seen in the stress values, which were larger for the model with a constant convection coefficient. Finally, a correlation equation was derived which allows the findings to be generalized to other vertical structures manufactured on the BAAM. In summary, this work offers valuable insights on material characterization, real-time thermocouple placement, and FE modeling of large-format additively manufactured parts.

This study aimed at synthesizing hydrogels to simulate opaque breast tissue (BT) and coloured cancerous tissues (CT) at different densities of the designed phantom to improve the biopsy-related skills along with ultrasonography. Both tissues are tear-resistant and therefore, the phantom can be trained multiple times in order to lower the price and improve the eye-hand coordination of users. For this purpose, self-healing (SH) polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels (SH hydrogel) obtained by free-radical polymerization of AAm, in the presence of chemical cross-linker, BAAm, physical cross-linker stearyl methacrylate, C18, and ammonium persulfate APS as initiator were used in the design of phantoms. Psyllium was added to the BT to differentiate density and obtain human skin color and it could be distinguished from the CT which was also colored with methyl violet. BT and CTs were characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, mechanical, swelling, and refractive index measurements. Designing phantoms from BT and CT were characterized by ultrasonography, mechanical tests, observation of needle track after biopsy, and stabilization tests to follow the self-healing behaviours of tissues with time. As a result of this study, self-healing, low-cost, and suitable for multi-usage ultrasonographic phantom for needle breast biopsy was designed and cancerous tissue was successfully detected.

Direct, transition metal-free B(dan)-installation into organic frameworks has been developed. Heteroaryl-H bonds were transformable into the respective heteroaryl-B(dan) bonds through deprotonation. The resulting heteroaryl-B(dan) compounds, which are otherwise difficult to access, can undergo the direct Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. The method was demonstrated to apply to a silicon nucleophile, giving Lewis acidity-diminished stable silyl-B(dan) and -B(aam) in one pot.