The advancement of high-energy electrochemical energy storage is increasingly throttled by the kinetic and thermodynamic bottlenecks inherent to steady-state operation. This perspective posits that pulse modulation represents a fundamental paradigm shift, moving beyond empirical charging protocols toward a sophisticated framework for the active, real-time regulation of multiscale battery chemistry. By leveraging nonequilibrium transients, pulsed excitation enables the temporal decoupling of entangled physicochemical processes, including ion solvation sheath reorganization, interfacial charge transfer, and long-range mass transport that remain inaccessible under conventional constant-current conditions. We elucidate the underlying chemical physics of this approach, examining how a high-dimensional parameter space of amplitude, frequency, and waveform morphology dictates the concentration polarization, solid-electrolyte interphase evolution, and metal deposition morphology across micro- to macroscales. Furthermore, this work evaluates the convergence of operando diagnostics with physics-informed machine learning as a strategic route to navigate the vast combinatorial spaces of pulse protocols. By integrating multiphysics modeling with closed-loop control, we outline a roadmap for software-defined chemistry, where adaptive protocols dynamically compensate for state-of-health drift and thermal fluctuations. Ultimately, this perspective advocates for a transition from treating the battery as a passive electrochemical reservoir to an actively modulated system, providing a theoretical foundation for the next-generation, closed-loop battery management capable of multisource-field cooperative regulation of the electrochemical environment.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays a critical role in DNA damage repair and has emerged as a synthetic lethal target for BRCA mutant cancers. Herein, we report the discovery of novel PARP-1 inhibitors based on the natural stilbene scaffold through structural modification and ROS-responsive prodrug optimization. A series of stilbene derivatives with ortho-hydroxybenzamide scaffold were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 24c demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity against BRCA1-deficient cell lines (SUM149PT, MDA-MB-436, and HCC1937) and the BRCA2-deficient cell line (Capan-1). Mechanistic studies revealed that 24c effectively inhibited intracellular PARP-1 activity, exacerbated DNA double-strand breaks, induced ROS generation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. To enhance in vivo efficacy, ROS-responsive prodrugs were designed and synthesized, with P-24c demonstrating excellent antitumor activity (TGI = 69.3%) and low toxicity in a SUM149PT xenograft model. This work provides a valuable paradigm for developing novel antitumor agents from privileged natural scaffolds.

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) threatens food security for millions in East Africa, yet its control remains limited by the absence of field-deployable molecular diagnostics. Here, we introduce ELLA (Electrochemical Lateral flow assay with Linked Analytics), a battery-free, smartphone-powered electrochemical lateral flow assay that delivers enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-grade protein detection directly in the field. ELLA integrates near-field communication, a single-chip potentiostat, metal-pin electrodes, and ferrocene-labeled nanoparticles into a fully disposable cassette, enabling quantitative immunoassays without optical instrumentation or centralized laboratory infrastructure. Validated across laboratory studies and extensive field trials in Tanzania, ELLA achieved 95% agreement with ELISA and 89% agreement with RT-qPCR, outperforming ELISA's limit of detection while maintaining a material cost below US$1. By coupling molecular test results with cloud-linked analytics, we further trained DeepELLA, a smartphone-based image classification model that enables scalable surveillance from field-acquired leaf images. Together, these advances unify electrochemical sensing, digital connectivity, and AI-assisted interpretation, enabling portable, ELISA-level diagnostics for plant, environmental, and health monitoring in resource-limited regions.

Insufficient light intensity diminishes stem mechanical strength of Paeonia lactiflora, adversely affecting the quality of cut flowers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through anatomical analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) combined with LC-MS, the shading-induced changes of morphology and metabolism in fibre cells of P. lactiflora stems were comprehensively characterized for the first time. The results showed that shading inhibited secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening in fibre cells, leading to thinner SCWs and low stem mechanical strength. A total of 931 metabolites were detected in the full-sun and shade groups of P. lactiflora stem sections by MALDI MSI, and 25 significant differential metabolites were identified in the stem fibre cell zones by MS/MS fragmentations. The shading-induced differential metabolites in the fibre cell zones were primarily concentrated on various secondary metabolites with antioxidant defence properties, with their synthesis triggered by shade stress. It indicated that shading reduced P. lactiflora stem mechanical strength by inhibiting fibre SCW thickening, and this inhibition was closely correlated with an enhanced synthesis of defence metabolites in the fibre cells. This study lays a foundation for elucidating the cytological mechanism underlying shading that affects stem mechanical strength.

Chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold significant potential in the field of asymmetric catalysis. However, currently reported chiral COF catalysts often contain limited chiral catalytic sites, leading to prolonged reaction times and low enantiomeric excess (ee) values of the catalytic products. Therefore, precisely regulating the number of chiral catalytic centers in chiral COF frameworks to enhance asymmetric catalytic performance remains challenging. In this study, through symmetry control of chiral monomers, three chiral COFs with varying numbers of pyrrolidine catalytic centers were precisely constructed, and their applications in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis were investigated. Notably, the asymmetric catalytic performance of the chiral COFs was closely related to the number of pyrrolidine catalytic centers within the pores. A high density of catalytic sites significantly improved both the activity and enantioselectivity of the catalytic reaction. Remarkably, L-DATDP-Tz COF, containing 6 pyrrolidine catalytic centers per pore channel, exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the reaction between cyclohexanone and p-nitrobenzaldehyde, achieving a 91% yield and 88% ee within only one day. This performance far surpassed that of the counterparts with only 3 or 4.5 pyrrolidine catalytic centers per pore channel, as well as most other reported chiral COFs. This study provides key insights into the precise regulation of catalytic site density in chiral COFs, offering a new perspective for designing COF catalysts with high-efficiency asymmetric catalytic performance.

Dual-band electrochromic smart windows, which enable independent regulation of visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) light, offer significant potential for reducing building energy consumption and improving occupant comfort. However, their practical application is often limited by insufficient optical modulation, slow switching speeds, and poor cycling stability. In this study, we designed and fabricated a hierarchical TiO2 nanorod/nanosheet (TNR/TNS) heterostructure film through a two-step in situ-oriented growth strategy. Rutile-phase TiO2 nanorods were first hydrothermally grown on FTO substrates, leveraging high lattice compatibility to form a single-crystalline electron pathway and mechanical scaffold. Anatase-phase TiO2 nanosheets were subsequently grown epitaxially onto the nanorods, creating an interpenetrating porous structure with a semi-coherent interface (lattice mismatch ∼0.1) that facilitates efficient charge transfer and ion diffusion. The resulting TNR/TNS composite film demonstrates significant dual-band modulation capabilities, with optical modulations of 60.2% at 1300 nm ("bright-cool" state) and 65.1% at 700 nm ("privacy-insulation" state), alongside rapid switching kinetics. Moreover, it shows remarkable cycling stability, maintaining 92% of its original optical modulation after 2000 cycles due to synergistic effects of structural buffering, strong interfacial adhesion, and efficient ion/electron transport. This work provides an effective strategy based on crystal phase and interface engineering for constructing high-performance electrochromic materials, with promising applications in energy-efficient architectural windows.

Spin-polarized light-emitting diodes (spin-LEDs) hold promise for next-generation photonic technologies owing to their ability to directly emit circularly polarized electroluminescence. Here, we report a multifunctional chiral ligand engineering strategy to realize high-performance pure-green spin-LEDs based on FAPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs). By introducing (R/S)-methylbenzenesulfinamide, strong coordination with surface Pb2+ ions simultaneously passivates defects and induces pronounced centrosymmetry-breaking lattice distortion in FAPbBr3 QDs. This structural asymmetry enhances chiroptical activity and prolongs spin-coherence lifetimes, enabling efficient spin-polarized carrier recombination. As a result, chiral FAPbBr3 QDs exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield (98.28%) and large dissymmetry factor (8.87 × 10-2). The spin-LEDs fabricated from these QDs exhibit pure-green emission, with a maximum luminance of 17 979 cd m-2, a peak external quantum efficiency of 15.1%, and a maximum electroluminescence dissymmetry factor of 1.76 × 10-1 at room temperature. This work demonstrates that chiral MBS ligands can simultaneously improve optoelectronic quality and introduce structural asymmetry in perovskite quantum dots, representing a promising route toward practical high-performance spin-LEDs.

Herein, we report an asymmetric reductive amination reaction catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid, which enables the enantioselective desymmetrization of 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dialdehydes. This reaction features mild conditions, high enantioselectivity, and readily available starting materials. Gram-scale experiments demonstrated that the reaction maintained excellent enantioselectivity, and the product could be readily converted into other chiral 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. These results underscore the potential of this method for practical applications.

Electronically asymmetric sp[3]/sp[2] carbon nanojunctions function as active polarization centers under gigahertz (GHz) electromagnetic fields. A three-dimensional (3D) aerogel composed of insulating nanodiamond (ND) and conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is constructed to establish electronically asymmetric sp[3]/sp[2] interfaces. Frequency-dependent dielectric analysis reveals enhanced relaxation behavior and improved impedance matching, indicating a transition from conductivity-dominated response to interfacial polarization. The composite achieves a minimum reflection loss of -35.9 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.7 GHz at a thickness of 3.1 mm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that electronic states near the Fermi level and the spatial distribution of frontier orbitals are markedly asymmetric across the sp[3]/sp[2] interface, providing a microscopic basis for dynamic interfacial polarization. The nanojunction network also exhibits thermal insulation behavior, indicating multi-channel energy dissipation. These findings identify electronically asymmetric carbon nanojunctions as discrete polarization centers governing high-frequency energy dissipation and offer a general design principle for interface-driven nanoelectronic functionality.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a standard treatment for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), yet determinants of therapeutic response remain incompletely defined. Here, multi-omics analysis of 102 tumor samples revealed that NACT reshapes the tumor microenvironment, enhancing B- and NK-cell infiltration and activating antigen presentation and BCR/TCR signaling pathways. Notably, Nab-paclitaxel outperformed paclitaxel in promoting B cell-mediated humoral immunity. Unsupervised clustering identifies two biologically distinct subtypes: an immune-active chemotherapy response score (CRS)-high subtype characterized by CD19[+] B-cell enrichment and complement activation, and a metabolically rewired CRS-low subtype exhibiting heightened oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial remodeling. Platinum-resistant tumors display pronounced OXPHOS dependency, indicating a bioenergetic vulnerability. Pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial Complex I with IACS-010759, or genetic silencing of its core subunit NDUFA8, selectively restores carboplatin sensitivity in resistant cells and xenograft models. Complex I disruption suppresses mitochondrial respiration, induces membrane depolarization and oxidative stress, and triggers stress-adaptive mitophagy, thereby lowering the threshold for platinum-induced cytotoxic stress. Clinically, CD19[+] B-cell infiltration and NDUFA8 expression are significantly associated with platinum responsiveness and NACT outcome. Together, these findings define immune activation and mitochondrial bioenergetic dependency as dual determinants of chemotherapy response and highlight Complex I-targeted intervention as a rational strategy to overcome platinum resistance in HGSOC.