Voluntary incident-reporting systems are widely used in hospitals, but their value depends on classification quality, review processes, linkage to complementary safety pathways, and translation into learning. Burn centers are vulnerable to fragmented safety intelligence because care spans resuscitation, critical care, surgery, wound management, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and outpatient follow-up. We reviewed institutional incident reports assigned to an adult regional burn center from April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2026. The dataset contained 1,418 reports. The most frequent categories were specimen or laboratory events, medication or fluid events, safety, security, or miscellaneous events, and pressure injuries. Harm level was not visible in structured form in 811 reports (57.2%). This absence was patterned: 546 of 547 specimen or laboratory reports and all 130 pressure-injury reports lacked visible structured harm classification. Pressure-injury stage or category was not reliably available in the analytic extract and was not imputed as a surrogate for harm. Among 607 reports with specified harm level, 16 were moderate and 4 severe. Severity-weighted review changed interpretation: infection prevention and control accounted for only 17 reports overall but 14 of 20 moderate or severe harm reports. Narrative follow-up was present in most high-harm reports, but structured contributing factors were absent in 17 of 20. Incident reporting should be one input into a severity-weighted burn-center learning system with harm classification at review or closure, escalation, action ownership, implementation resources, documented closure, and feedback to frontline teams.

Rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has the potential to influence specimen acquisition, but ROSE's ability to inform decision-making during bronchoscopy for granulomatous disease has not been assessed.

Potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu), a strong non-nucleophilic base with a pKa value of 17.5, has emerged as a versatile and indispensable reagent in modern organic synthesis. Notably, KOtBu can promote a wide range of bond-forming transformations that conventionally rely on transition-metal catalysis, enabling the efficient construction of carbon-carbon (C(?)C), carbon-heteroatom (C(?)X), and heteroatom-heteroatom (X(?)Y) bonds under relative mild reaction conditions. KOtBu-mediated reactions predominantly proceed via two well-established mechanistic pathways, namely ionic and radical manifolds, wherein the reactivity of key intermediates is highly dependent on reaction conditions and exogenous additives. Compared to transition-metal catalysts, KOtBu offers prominent advantages in terms of economic cost and environmental compatibility. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in KOtBu-involved reactions, covering the construction of carbon-carbon (C(?)C), carbon-nitrogen (including C(?)N and CO(?)NH), carbon-oxygen (C(?)O), carbon-silicon (C(?)Si), as well as miscellaneous bonds including carbon-sulfur (C(?)S), carbon-seleno (C(?)Se), carbon-iodo (C(?)I), carbon-deuterium (C(?)D), etc. We focus on reaction development, plausible mechanistic pathways, and potential synthetic applications of these protocols in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of KOtBu-enabled organic transformations for organic, medicinal, and materials chemists, and to facilitate further exploration and expansion of their synthetic utility.

Benzosuberone is a promising scaffold with a remarkably varied pharmacological profile that has been attracting significant interest in the potential development of anticancer agents. This review focuses on the historical interest, diversity of chemical structures, and different medicinal applications of benzosuberone derivatives, particularly as agents with potential anticancer activity. We investigated the relationship between structure modification and biological activity by focusing on the molecular hybrids of the present hit with various functionalities or heterocycles, which led to improved cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, and miscellaneous biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, neurological, antiparasitic, anti-diabetic, and antitubercular activities. Detailed in vitro analyses showed promising cytotoxicity against breast, lung, and colon cancers, presenting IC50 values in the low micromolar and submicromolar ranges and low toxicity profiles concerning normal cells. Novel approaches, including the hybrid molecule, combinatory therapy, and nano-formulation, are suggested to go beyond the current obstacles and expand the applications of benzosuberone-based derivatives toward clinical applications. This combined study demonstrates that the benzosuberone scaffold is a privileged structure in the search for miscellaneous biological drugs with high therapeutic potential.

Covering: up to 2026Strigolactones dominate the research on parasitic plant germination. Nevertheless, other types of natural products have roles in stimulating or inhibiting the germination and subsequent growth of parasitic weeds, including synergistic interactions with other compounds released by host roots that mediate host recognition and chemotropism. This review focuses on the bioactive non-strigolactone compounds, classified as terpenes and terpenoids, aromatic metabolites, N-containing metabolites and miscellaneous structures. Terpenes and terpenoids are the most common germination stimulants (51.0% of the total, among which sesquiterpene lactones represent the most common structures), while aromatic (41.7%) and N-containing (36.5%) metabolites are the leading inhibitors of germination or seedling development. The clog P trends suggest that molecular lipophilicity alone does not allow distinguishing between stimulants or inhibitors, but the data showed that two main intervals are particularly enriched in bioactive structures: moderately lipophilic compounds (47%, with clog P values between 1.0 and 3.0) and hydrophilic molecules (24%, with clog P below 0). An evaluation of germination-induced specificity indicated that sesquiterpene lactones are the strongest elicitors for O. cumana, P. aegyptiaca and S. asiatica, karrikin1 and different terpenoids for O. minor and S. hermonthica, and isothiocyanates for P. ramosa. Notably, several sesquiterpene lactones and isothiocyanates induced germination at concentrations comparable to those of natural strigolactones. Beyond germination, recent findings implicate non-strigolactone cues in haustorium initiation and host chemotropism, underscoring the complexity of chemical signaling in parasitic plant development. Overall, the evidence gathered herein shows that parasitic development is influenced by a wider chemical space than strigolactones alone, opening perspectives for eco-rational bioherbicide development and for understanding host-parasite communication.

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic process and etiological spectrum of inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) and fever of unknown origin (FUO). Retrospectively, 8821 patients were evaluated between 2010 and 2024. 168 patients with IUO and 88 with FUO were included in the study. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and diagnostic spectra of the IUO and FUO groups were compared. The diagnostic contribution, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of computed tomography and 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated. The median age (59 vs 46.7 years; P < .001) and the proportion of males (57.1% vs 40.9%; P = .014) were higher in the IUO. The most common symptom in all patients was arthralgia (78.5%). Weight loss and sore throat were more common in the FUO (P = .012 and P = .004, respectively). c-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels were similar in both groups. Noninfectious inflammatory diseases (NIID) were the most common cause (31%), followed by neoplasms (18%), infections (11%), and miscellaneous diseases (7%). Infections were significantly more prevalent in the FUO (19.3% vs 6%, P < .001), whereas neoplasms were more commonly observed in the IUO (20.8% vs 12.5%, P = .099). In NIID, vasculitis occurred more frequently in the IUO, whereas adult-onset Still's disease was more prevalent in the FUO (P < .001). 18F-FDG PET/CT contributed 52.1% of cases, with 85% sensitivity and 17% specificity. Infections were common in FUO, whereas patients with IUO were older at presentation, more likely to be male, and had a higher frequency of neoplasms. Among NIIDs, vasculitis was predominant in the IUO, while adult-onset Still's disease was more prominent in the FUO.

Accurate discrimination of Cryptomeria japonica (cedar) and Chamaecyparis obtusa (cypress) pollen on routine Durham slides is clinically and environmentally important, because local pollen counts influence patient visits and regional exposure assessment. However, manual counting is time-consuming and often complicated by debris, air bubbles, and burst pollen, which is morphologically distinct from intact grains. In this methodological proof-of-concept study, we evaluated whether machine learning could classify particles cropped from real-world Durham slides collected under routine field conditions. We collected five routine slides from two sites in Nagano Prefecture and obtained 1,480 particle images categorized into five classes: cedar, cypress, burst cedar, burst cypress, and dust/miscellaneous artifacts. We extracted interpretable morphological and textural descriptors and trained a support vector machine using nested 5-fold stratified cross-validation. Using an optimized, interpretable feature set, the model achieved a macro-F1 score of 0.833 ± 0.025 and an overall accuracy of 0.863. Classification of intact cedar and cypress pollen was good, whereas discrimination between the two burst classes was more difficult. Misclassifications were concentrated mainly between cedar and cypress, and between burst cedar and morphologically similar particles such as burst cypress or dust. In contrast, dust was rarely misclassified as intact cedar or intact cypress. One-vs.-rest ROC-AUC values were high across classes (0.93-0.98), although performance was lower for burst pollen than for intact pollen. Among the extracted descriptors, size-related features, particularly area and radius, contributed most strongly to classification. These findings show that interpretable machine learning can distinguish intact cedar and cypress pollen on routine Durham slides under real-world conditions, while burst pollen remains a major source of classification difficulty. Further refinement of feature design for burst pollen will be necessary for routine application.

Adolescent sexual abuse (ASA) is a complex, multifactorial, less researched, and challenging issue leading to an enormous immediate and long-term adverse multidimensional impacts. And as these impacts could be unique and different than child sexual abuse (CSA), the treatment plans require special attention. While 2/3rd of the global sexual abuse literature is focused on CSA, the remaining studies focus on miscellaneous issues pertaining sexual abuse. Especially, there is a dearth of literature on ASA focused interventions to guide and provide directions to clinicians for treatment plans. This is the first meta-analysis to analyse the efficacy of randomised controlled studies (RCTs) on the psychotherapy interventions for adolescents experienced penetrative sexual abuse. An electronic search was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, and ERIC from June 1995 to June 2025. Following PRISMA guidelines, the search yielded 29 potentially relevant studies out of which 4 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Analyses mainly focused on the commonly reported mental health impacts (PTSD and depression) of ASA. Results indicated pooled effect size for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to be -1.07 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of -2.8989; -0.2223, p < 0.05. The pooled effect size for depression was -1.57 (with a 95% confidence interval of -4.7587; 1.6183, p > 0.05). It was difficult to ascertain the effects of other variables (abuse related distress, anxiety or behavioural problems) on PTSD and depression due to inadequate information. Since, I[2] value 72.8% showed substantial heterogeneity across studies, the findings on random effects of interventions are discussed and heterogeneity is explained by appropriate clinical or methodological differences. Except one study, all three studies included at least one parent session. TF-CBT without involving parents showed the largest effect size for ASA which should be compared specifically with TF-CBT involving parents.