The present study examined the effect of the Sport Education Model (SEM) in physical education (PE) classes on high school students' cognitive variables and motor skills. Furthermore, analyses were conducted by gender and teaching context. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with high school students from federal and private schools, allocated into an experimental group (EG; n = 37) and a control group (CG; n = 31). Students in the EG participated in an SEM season (18 to 20 invasion sports classes). Students assigned to the CG had no changes to their PE classes. We used the Game Performance Assessment Instrument to analyze cognitive variables and motor skills. We used the Generalized Estimation Equations to verify the effects of the intervention on the time and group factors, as well as the time*group interaction. In the overall analysis, SEM showed positive effects over time on support (d = 0.61). SEM showed more benefits for girls, with positive effects on support (d = 0.69) and game performance (d = 0.77). In the private network, the effects of SEM on support were greater than those of CG, which had a large effect size (d = 1.10). The intervention did not show positive effects on decision-making, skill execution, and game involvement. The implementation of SEM has proven beneficial for developing tactical content with high school students in Brazil, especially for girls and in contexts similar to the private education system.

Systemic anticoagulation is the standard initial therapy for intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) but fails to reverse right ventricular (RV) overload rapidly. While full-dose systemic thrombolysis accelerates RV recovery, it carries an unacceptable risk of major hemorrhage. Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) offers a targeted, low-dose alternative to improve hemodynamics safely. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Embase was conducted up to May 2026. Mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) were pooled using a random-effects model. PROSPERO ID: CRD420261402147. Six RCTs involving 886 patients were included. CDT was associated with a significantly greater reduction in the RV/LV ratio than anticoagulation alone (MD: -0.11, 95% CI: [-0.21, -0.00]; P < 0.05). Also, CDT significantly reduced the risk of early cardiorespiratory deterioration (RR: 0.36, 95% CI [0.19, 0.68]; P < 0.001). There was no significant increase in major bleeding (RR: 1.52, 95% CI [0.71, 3.24]; P = 0.28) or intracranial hemorrhage. However, CDT significantly increased the risk of any bleeding (P = 0.02) and vascular access-site complications/hematomas (P = 0.02). Mortality did not differ between the two groups. Adding CDT to standard systemic anticoagulation led to a statistically significant reduction in the RV/LV ratio compared with anticoagulation alone, with a significantly lower risk of early hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory deterioration, without increasing the risk of major bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute intermediate-risk PE. However, larger RCTs with longer follow-up are required to provide a clearer picture of its sustained effects on hard clinical outcomes.

High fructose consumption, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages, contributes to cardiometabolic disease. Here we study the metabolic effects of 6-week pharmacological inhibition with PF-06835919 of ketohexokinase, the enzyme that catalyses the first committed step of fructose metabolism, in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial in 15 participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. The primary outcome was hepatic insulin sensitivity, measured by insulin-stimulated suppression of endogenous glucose production. Secondary outcomes included fat distribution, peripheral and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, and fat oxidation. While PF-06835919 treatment did not affect body weight, it improved hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduced intrahepatic lipid and saturated fatty acid content. Besides these beneficial hepatic effects, PF-06835919 also improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue distribution and nocturnal fat oxidation. These changes are accompanied by changes in very low-density lipoprotein particle size distribution and circulating hepatokines. These results show that inhibition of fructose metabolism has beneficial metabolic effects that extend beyond the organs that metabolize fructose. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05463575 .

Acute liver injury is commonly caused by overdose-drug, toxins, or ischemia. The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, wherein metabolic remodeling plays a crucial role in restoring hepatic function and homeostasis. However, the specific metabolic shift that initiates hepatocyte regeneration remains unclear. Here, we employed multi-time-point multi-omics analyses to demonstrate that phosphatidylethanolamine undergoes a dynamic metabolic reprogramming, with phospholipid phosphatase 2 (PLPP2) exhibiting synchronous changes among the enzymes regulating PE metabolism. Liver biopsy samples from patients with drug-induced liver injury corroborated the PLPP2 alterations. In murine models, hepatocyte-specific deletion of PLPP2 exacerbated acute liver injury. Mechanistically, the resolution of ER stress was accompanied by a robust upregulation of PLPP2 during the regenerative phase. This shift promotes liver repair and regeneration by initiating the PE biosynthesis. PE, upon binding to PEBP1, modulated its affinity and strengthened its interaction with GLI1, thereby disrupting the association between lTCH and GLI1 and preventing the ubiquitination and degradation of GLI1. Additionally, PE promotes autophagy by facilitating the lipidation of LC3B. The increase in ER-localized PE mediated by PLPP2 also contributed to the alleviation of ER stress, thus establishing a positive feedback loop. Pharmacologic activation of PLPP2 or supplementation with ethanolamine may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for acute liver injury.

Athletes have to cope with psychosocial and physiological stressors, requiring recovery to ensure subsequent performance. According to the undoing-hypothesis, positive emotions (PE) may enhance psychophysiological recovery. The present two studies investigated the undoing hypothesis and its benefits for athletes' cognitive (Study 1; n = 60) and motor (Study 2; n = 30) performance. After a combined psychosocial-physiological stressor, participants either completed a five-minute PE induction (music; imagination exercise) or were assigned to a resting condition. Emotions, perceived stress-recovery, and physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, cortisol) were assessed. In Study 1, inhibition and cognitive flexibility were measured once. In Study 2, hand force and jump height were measured using a pre-posttest design. Due to the lack of psychological stress responses and successful PE induction, no conclusions could be drawn regarding the undoing hypothesis. Nevertheless, the present study provides valuable methodological insights into the challenges of testing the undoing hypothesis in athletes. These insights can inform the design and implementation of future studies and thereby contribute to advancing research on the undoing hypothesis in athletic populations.

Microplastics (MPs) generated from plastic degradation in municipal solid waste landfills pose a persistent threat to subsurface soils and groundwater, yet their vertical distribution and migration mechanisms in deep soils remain poorly understood. We established nine soil and five groundwater sampling locations across an informal landfill site. Soil cores were collected at ∼1 m intervals to 6 m depth to analyze MP distribution and ecological risks. The results indicate pronounced MP abundance in both deep soils and groundwater, with average abundances of 57,740 ± 42,355 particles/kg dry weight and 55 ± 51 particles/L, respectively. The dominant polymers in soil were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene (PE), accounting for 60.14% and 22.58%, respectively. In contrast, groundwater was primarily characterized by PE and polypropylene (PP), with PE representing the highest proportion at 58.82%. MP abundance in soils decreased significantly with increasing depth, indicating attenuation during vertical migration. Notably, distinct polymer-specific migration behaviors were observed: PTFE was preferentially retained in shallow soils, whereas PE exhibited greater vertical mobility and became relatively enriched in deeper soils and groundwater. Ecological risk assessment revealed that although the abundance of MPs was observed to decrease significantly in depth, the potential ecological risk index remained relatively stable across soil depths due to the increasing proportion of mobile polymers such as PE and HDPE in deeper layers. This indicates that risk assessments based solely on abundance may systematically underestimate the MP threat in deep subsurface environments. This work elucidates that polymer-specific migration is a key mechanism controlling the subsurface transport and fate of MPs from landfills, providing a scientific basis for developing polymer-informed risk management strategies.

Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is emerging as a green or an environmentally friendly strategy for extracting enzymes of biotechnological importance. Purification of milk-clotting proteases from Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. stem using ethanol - dipotassium phosphate based ATPS was optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. The partitioned enzyme (PE) from the system with 20.00% (w/w) ethanol and 28.49% (w/w) dipotassium phosphate was found to exhibit high milk clotting index (210.64 ± 18.61), yield% (136.40 ± 4.54) and purification factor (3.57 ± 1.01). Scale-up at different laboratory scales (10× and 20×) demonstrated the feasibility resulting with comparable milk clotting index, yield% and purification factor between the levels. Subsequently, ethanol from 20× (200 g) was recovered by rotary evaporation and reused for a new cycle of ATPS (100 g) successfully. The green certificate score of the process (>90 in 1 g, 100 g and 200 g) classified it under category "A", signifying its ecological sustainability. Further analysis revealed the comparable nature of casein (whole and κ) hydrolysis between PE and commercially available vegetable coagulant, Cynzime®. Prolonged stability of the crude enzyme extract and PE was observed when stored at -20 °C. The cheese prepared using PE was found to be comparable in terms of its yield% and physico-chemical characteristics to that of Cynzime® demonstrating the commercial prospects of PE as a vegetable milk coagulant in cheese preparation. Findings from the study collectively illustrate the commercial potential of single-step green purification technique (ATPS) for extraction of milk-clotting proteases from W. tinctoria stem.

Environmental contamination due to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a growing concern globally, as they do not easily degrade and their toxicity causes chronic health issues in humans. When present in water and soil, PFAS bioaccumulate in crops and pastures, and are subsequently taken up by livestock and humans. This study examined how arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi interact with PFAS in soil, and the subsequent effects on the growth of three pasture legume crops (Medicago truncatula, Medicago sativa and Trifolium subterraneum). To do this, we used a sterilised soil spiked with PFAS, and soil collected from a PFAS-contaminated site, and inoculated soils with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. The pasture legume species grown in these experiments were highly sensitive to the presence of PFAS in the soil, with only the M. truncatula variety Parabinga displaying tolerance. Inoculation with AM fungi greatly increased plant biomass, but did not confer tolerance of the host plant to PFAS contamination. PFAS contamination did not suppress AM fungi colonisation of the roots; in some cases, colonisation was stimulated by PFAS. PFAS contamination of agricultural soils will likely reduce the growth and yield of pasture legume crops, and AM fungi will likely be unable to buffer the negative effects.

Heat extremes significantly increase morbidity and mortality, particularly among older adults and people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The year 2024 was the warmest year on record and the first calendar year in which the annual global mean temperature exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels-exposing people with CVD to a record number of extreme heat days. With the frequency and intensity of heat extremes expected to rise, the health risks for people with CVD will continue to escalate. There is an urgent need to provide scientific evidence to advise patients and healthcare professionals to manage cardiovascular health under these circumstances. This statement builds on a prior European Society of Cardiology document that explored the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying increased risk of cardiovascular events during heat extremes. Here, evidence informed advice guided by experts in thermal physiology and CVD is provided for clinicians and healthcare professionals to help advise their patients and reduce the negative impacts of heat on CVD health. The advice, while novel, relates to best practice for multidisciplinary care before, during, and after heat extremes, ensuring a proactive and comprehensive approach to patient safety. By integrating current evidence with practical strategies, this statement aims to bridge the evidence-to-practice gap and enhance preparedness for the increasing burden of climate-change driven health risks.