Fifty seven patients entered the cooperative study AML II/87 of the working group "Pediatric Hematology and Oncology" of East Germany. Two patients with initial hyperleukocytosis died prior therapy. 13 patients died within the first 4 weeks of therapy, 3 patients did not respond to therapy, and one patient is not yet in remission. 38 patients (70%) attained a complete remission. 15 patients get a bone marrow transplantation in first CR (10 autologous BMT without purging, 5 allogenous BMT). 12 of them are living and well 3 to 34 months after BMT. 9 of the 23 patients under chemotherapy relapsed, one patient is lost to follow up. 13 patients are living in continuous complete remission. The life table probabilities 48 months after the start of the protocol are 0.43 for disease free survival (DFS) and 0.60 for event free interval (EFI). The respective results of the former protocol AML I/82 were 0.34 for DFS and 0.47 for EFI.