Background Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a preventable oncologic emergency that can rapidly progress to acute kidney injury, malignant arrhythmias, seizures, and death. Because key prevention decisions (prophylaxis intensity, monitoring frequency, and inpatient versus outpatient initiation) are made at the start of therapy, clinically useful risk estimates must separate intrinsic disease risk from regimen-driven risk. However, cross-histology TLS comparisons are frequently confounded by systematic differences in chemotherapy composition and intensity. We therefore evaluated whether Burkitt lymphoma retains a higher TLS risk than mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) under a treatment-restricted framework anchored to shared alkylating exposure, with the goal of generating practical clinical insight for early TLS risk recognition, prevention, and monitoring in real-world practice, including urgent and emergency care settings. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, a federated real-world electronic health record research platform. Two cohorts were constructed (Burkitt lymphoma and MCL) and restricted to patients with exposure to cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide. Identical exclusions were applied to both cohorts for anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, and valrubicin), immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), and lymphoma coded as "in remission." Outcomes were assessed beginning one day after cohort entry (index event).  The primary outcome was TLS (ICD-10-CM E88.3). Propensity score matching was performed 1:1. Time-to-event analyses used Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank testing.  Results After propensity score matching, 290 patients were included in each cohort (290 matched pairs). TLS occurred in 10.0% of the Burkitt cohort (29/290) compared with 5.5% of the mantle cell cohort (16/290), corresponding to an absolute risk difference of 4.5% (95% CI 0.1-8.8%; p = 0.044). On a relative scale, Burkitt lymphoma was associated with higher TLS risk, with a risk ratio of 1.813 (95% CI 1.006-3.264) and an odds ratio of 1.903 (95% CI 1.010-3.585), indicating a consistent direction and magnitude of effect across measures. Time-to-event analyses were concordant with the risk-based estimates: Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated shorter TLS-free survival in the Burkitt cohort (log-rank p = 0.034; HR 1.915, 95% CI 1.039-3.527). Median TLS-free survival was not reached in either cohort within available follow-up.  Conclusions In this propensity-matched real-world cohort restricted to cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide exposure and excluding anthracyclines and immune checkpoint inhibitors, Burkitt lymphoma was associated with higher TLS incidence and shorter TLS-free survival compared with MCL. These findings support classifying Burkitt lymphoma as a higher-risk phenotype at treatment initiation and adopting more intensive TLS prevention and monitoring strategies (particularly proactive hydration and closer biochemical surveillance) with escalation of urate-lowering therapy as indicated, consistent with established TLS risk frameworks.

Rational, mechanism-based drug selection for canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains limited, despite extensive molecular work in human DLBCL. We asked whether human and canine DLBCL share a conserved transcriptional network that could anchor therapeutic hypotheses for dogs. Using public human and canine DLBCL transcriptomes, we derived a 409-gene cross-species module defined by concordant tumour-normal dysregulation and projected it onto pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The module was dominated by DNA replication, cell-cycle checkpoint and DNA damage-response programmes and contained a compact PPI core centred on TOP2A and PARP1. Querying the Connectivity Map/LINCS library with the human component of the module highlighted anthracycline-like topoisomerase II poisons (valrubicin, etoposide, amsacrine) and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib among the ~0.2% most negative connectivity scores, while directly targeting TOP2A and/or PARP1. A simple up-down module score strongly separated tumour from normal lymph nodes in both species and was associated with outcome: higher scores predicted longer progression-free survival in CHOP-treated dogs and better overall survival in an independent human cohort, with a similar but underpowered trend in TCGA-DLBC. Finally, extracellular-vesicle microRNA (EV-miRNA) profiling in human DLBCL showed that differentially expressed EV-miRNAs, including let-7 family members, miR-21-5p, miR-124-3p and miR-205-5p, converge on the same TOP2A/PARP1-centred core. These cross-species, multi-layer data support topoisomerase II poisons and PARP inhibition as coherent, network-anchored candidate therapies for canine DLBCL, with module scores and EV-miRNAs as candidate biomarkers.

We develop valrubicin-loaded immunoliposomes (Val-ILs), a nanoparticle-based therapy designed to target immunosuppressive cells that promote immune evasion in cancer. In vivo screening following intravenous administration in mice identifies nine relevant surface targets, including known immunoregulatory markers (LAG-3 and VEGFR2) and not-well-characterized candidates (CD11b, CD64, TIM1, CD200R3, CD204, CD49b, and SIGLEC-F). Within the tumor microenvironment, Val-ILs treatment broadly reduces the expression of these antigens on immunosuppressive populations, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and T helper 17 cells, as well as on innate anti-tumor cells such as tumor-associated natural killer cells and tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells. Across four murine cancer models, two responsive (T and B lymphomas) and two resistant (orthotopic breast and lung cancers), Val-ILs decorated with antibodies against the nine targets significantly enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy. This combination boosts the presence of CD4[+] and CD8[+] tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, reprograms tumor-associated macrophages toward an M1-like phenotype, and improves tumor control and metastasis reduction.

PET-CT of the nasopharynx depicting not only intensive PET avidity in the right Rouvière lymph node (A: arrows) correlating with MRI findings but also increased FDG avidity at the level of the torus tubarius (B: arrows), on the right more than on the left and along the posterior nasopharyngeal wall. 3D PET image of increased metabolism along the lateral nasopharynx and torus tubarius (C: large arrow points to the right side, arrowhead to the left side; note also the avid Rouvière lymph node on the right side: short arrows). Tubarial gland location is shown in D (original scheme from Valstar, Matthijs, et al. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 154, 292-298: with permission).

Aphids are a serious threat to sweet pepper crops. Due to increasing aphid resistance to insecticides and rising demand for pesticide-free products, pest management is currently based on biological control programs. However, growers often face economic losses because these programs have limited success, largely due to poor establishment of natural enemies when aphid populations are low. This study aimed to evaluate new natural enemies for early-season aphid control. Two candidates were selected to be used against the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae): the micrococcinellid Scymnus interruptus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the brown lacewing Micromus variegatus (Fabricius) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Two studies were conducted to assess their potential as aphid biocontrol agents. Firstly, different alternative food sources that might help for supporting their establishment in the absence of aphids were tested. Secondly, in a greenhouse experiment conducted in walk-in cages, natural enemies were released under preventive conditions (long aphid absence). Their establishment, complementarity, and effectiveness were evaluated during 5 weeks, after periodical low aphid infestations. Our results exposed that supplemental food sources must be provided for the survival of M. variegatus when aphids are absent in the crop. However, S. interruptus could survive in absence of aphids in the presence of sweet pepper flowers for a long period. Our greenhouse trial showed S. interruptus provided better aphid control than M. variegatus but the best results came from combining both species. Overall, our study demonstrated the potential of M. variegatus and S. interruptus as preventive biocontrol agents against aphids in sweet pepper crops.