Spices are used as additives to flavor, colour or preserve food during fanciest time in Bangladesh. These are pungent or aromatic ingredients gotten from by dried seeds, fruits, roots, bark or leaves. These flavoring substances are the potential source of organic products and naturally derived compounds. These compounds show the antioxidant, antimicrobial properties. The aim of this experimental study was to see the antibacterial effect of aqueous extract isolated from seeds of Brassica nigra in vitro. This interventional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with The Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh. In this study, antimicrobial activities of aqueous seeds extracts of Brassica nigra were tested against S. aureus, E. coli & P. aeruginosa by using disc diffusion method and MIC determination by broth dilution method. The extract was prepared by using aqueous solvent. The tested microorganisms were also tested for their activity against a standard antibiotic Gentamicin. Aqueous Black mustard seeds (ABMSE) were used initially in eight different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000μg/ml) and later in selected concentrations as needed to confirm the more precise margin of antimicrobial sensitivity of the extracts. Among different concentrations of the ABMSE, 400μg/ml and above concentrations showed inhibitory effect against aforesaid bacteria. The MICs of ABMSE were 500μg/ml, 650μg/ml and 400μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The MIC of Gentamicin was 1μg/ml against S. aureus, 1.5μg/ml against E. coli and 1μg/ml against P. aeruginosa. The MIC of Gentamicin was lowest in comparison to ABMSE for the test organisms. The subculture study showed the same results with that of previous experiments. The extract showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities by inhibiting the growth of respective microorganism in Agar well diffusion assay. This study supports the antibacterial effect of Brassica nigra seeds. It may be helpful for future researches in area of new drug development of herbal origins.

This study developed an intelligent active packaging film based on Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP), incorporating copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CD) derived from the residue of DOP extraction and anthocyanins (AMA) extracted from Aronia melanocarpa. To clarify the fundamental physicochemical properties of DOP and AMA, both were systematically characterized. For DOP, the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, total sugar content, and in vitro antioxidant activity were determined. For AMA, the total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured. On this basis, the effects of these two additives on the physical, functional, and structural properties of the composite films were systematically evaluated. The incorporation of Cu-CD (1% and 3%) significantly improved the mechanical performance of the films (P < 0.05), which also exhibited excellent UV-blocking ability, high antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial efficacy confirmed by shrimp preservation experiments; the film-forming solutions additionally showed antibacterial potential in agar diffusion screening. The copper ion migration from the Cu-CD-containing films was found to be below the corresponding benchmark values under the tested conditions. When shrimp were stored at 4 °C for 10 days, films containing AMA and Cu-CD effectively reduced spoilage and extended shelf life. Meanwhile, their color shifted from red to purple and ultimately purple-black, enabling real-time indication of freshness. Therefore, DOPs/AMA/Cu-CD composite films show great promise as bio-based food-packaging materials, capable of indicating freshness and prolonging product shelf life.

Magneto-acousto-electrical tomography (MAET) based on nonlinearly frequency-modulated (NLFM) signal stimulation achieves large dynamic range of detection while sacrifices a little longitudinal resolution. However, NLFM signal stimulation is also negatively affected by the uneven frequency response in MAET, which results in widening of the main lobe width (MLW) after pulse compression and ultimately leads to the degradation of longitudinal resolution (LR) in the MAET images. To further improve the LR of the MAET using NLFM signal stimulation, an MAET method using frequency-response-compensated NLFM (FRC-NLFM) signal stimulation is proposed. &#xD;Approach: Two types of nonlinear frequency-time curves are generated using the window function method and the piecewise linear frequency modulation method. The cubic spline interpolation method is employed to fit the nonlinear frequency response curves, which are used to generate the FRC-NLFM stimulation signals. Four groups of MAET experiments using respectively pure agar phantom samples and an in vitro multi-layer pork tissue agar phantom sample are conducted. Comparisons in terms of sensitivity, LR and dynamic range of detection are made among MAET using respectively spike, FRC-LFM, FRC-NLFM, and purely NLFM stimulation methods. &#xD;Main results: MAET using FRC-NLFM stimulation improves LR over MAET using purely NLFM excitation, and has higher sensitivity and larger dynamic range over MAET based on FRC-LFM. &#xD;Significance: This method forwards coded-excitation-based MAET to become an imaging method with high sensitivity, high LR and large dynamic range, and paves another way for the clinical application of the MAET.

Textile industries are important in both the global economy and our daily lives. They are, however, simultaneously becoming one of the main sources of environmental pollution in the world. It needs a greater amount of water for wet textile operations such as dyeing, and as a result, produces significant dosages of wastewater. Textile wastewater is highly colorful and contains dyes that are highly harmful to living creatures, and is discharged to the environment every day. The objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize extracellular laccase-producing bacteria from textile dye-contaminated wastewater to decolorize the dye. Samples were collected from the dye-contaminated wastewater sample site, including dye centers (DC), dye printing (DP), dye mixers (DM), and dye drains (DD). To isolate extracellular laccase producing bacteria from dye contaminated wastewater sample, 1 ml of sample was taken and serially diluted in physiological saline solution. Then, 0.1 ml from each diluted test tube was spread over nutrient agar and incubated. Then, the colonies were sub-cultured. Ten bacterial isolates were identify and designated as DMC1, DMC2, DMC3, DMG3, DMW1, DMY, DDY, DPG, DPC, and DCC. These bacterial isolates were tested for laccase production, and only four of them (DMC2, DMC3, DMG3, and DMW1) gave a positive result. Using morphological and biochemical characters, the four isolate were identified as a presumptive Bacillus species. Laccase production by isolates was optimized, and Maximum laccase production and dye decolonization were achieved at pH 7, a temperature of 42°C, and a dye concentration of 0.05 g per 50 mL of culture mediumTherefore, the enzyme produced, using the potential strain is capable of decolorizing textile dyes (black, yellow, and red). As a result, crude laccase enzyme from these bacterial isolates could be employed since a viable alternative to the physical and chemical processes of textile dye, as they have a high potential for decolorizing the dyes in this study. Scale up the production of laccase enzyme at certain industrial level is significant. Laccase enzyme should be purified whenever possible. Furthermore, molecular identification can be used to correctly identify up to strain level. The information gathered in this study could be used as a baseline for treating dye-polluted and contaminated environments.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is notorious for antibiotic resistance and invasive infections. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of peptide-rich preparation from Adenanthera pavonina seeds (APSP) against multidrug-resistant β-haemolytic S. aureus. APSP was extracted using standard procedures, and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar-well diffusion and killing kinetics assays. High-performance liquid chromatography identified its constituent amino acids, which were subjected to molecular docking against DNA gyrase B. The therapeutic effects of APSP were evaluated in vivo in seven groups (n = 4) of S. aureus-infected and APSP-treated Wistar rats. HPLC analysis identified arginine, proline, alanine, methionine, histidine, and isoleucine among the constituents. APSP demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, producing a 22 mm inhibition zone at 100 mg/mL and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/mL, with time-dependent reduction in bacterial counts. In vivo, APSP alleviated infection-associated symptoms and modulated PCV, WBC, and lymphocyte counts, particularly at 50 mg/kg. It also reduced ALT and AST levels without significant changes in ALP, while enhancing IgM and IgG responses. Additionally, APSP increased IFN-γ levels and modulated TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, APSP demonstrated antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities against multidrug-resistant S. aureus, supporting its potential as a candidate for further investigation in the management of infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. aureus.