This article describes an emotion-annotated corpus of Turkish-language posts published on X (formerly Twitter) that discuss 'sessiz istila' ('silent invasion'), a contested phrase used in Turkish public debate to frame the presence of refugees, particularly Syrian refugees, as a threat. We retrieved posts using the academictwitteR interface to the Twitter Academic Research API with the keyword 'sessiz istila', restricted to publicly available Turkish-language posts published between 1 June 2021 and 31 December 2022, yielding 47,024 posts. We normalized every post with a rule set implemented in R that replaces retweet markers, URLs, user mentions, and hashtags with Turkish placeholder tokens, converts text to lowercase, and substitutes each emoji with a Turkish description drawn from a purpose-built emoji lexicon of 3664 entries released alongside the corpus. Emotion labels were assigned automatically by an Emotion Recognition Model obtained by fine-tuning BERTurk (bert-base-turkish-cased) on a class-balanced subset of the TREMO dataset containing 18,018 validated entries, 3003 for each of the six Ekman categories (happiness, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and anger). We retained predictions with softmax confidence below 0.6 but flagged them as 'ambiguous' rather than discarding them so that users can apply their own confidence policy. The released corpus therefore contains 40,880 confidently labeled posts and 6144 ambiguous posts, each with its creation timestamp, normalized text, date, year, and emotion label. The dataset supports secondary research on the circulation of anti-immigrant framing and on the reactions it provokes, on event-driven emotional dynamics in social media, and on benchmarking and error analysis of emotion classifiers for Turkish, an agglutinative and comparatively low-resource language. The balanced TREMO training file and the Turkish emoji lexicon are reusable across corpora.

The study was carried out for the cultural and molecular diagnosis of caprine mycoplasmosis in Kerala, India and for the development of an antigen detection latex agglutination test (LAT) for its field diagnosis. A total of 126 samples, comprising 100 nasal swabs and 26 lung tissues, were subjected to isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR assays included Mycoplasma 16S rRNA genus specific PCR, as well as species and cluster specific PCRs targeting the Mycoides cluster, Mycoides group, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), M. capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc), M. agalactiae, M. ovipneumoniae, M. conjunctivae, and M. arginini. Additionally, a Mmc strain was characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the same was used for the development of LAT by sensitizing latex beads with hyperimmune serum raised against Mmc for antigen detection. On Mycoplasma 16S rRNA genus specific PCR, 69 samples (64 nasal swabs and five lung tissue) turned positive. Of these, two lung tissues were positive for Mycoides cluster, Mycoides group, and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) specific PCR. On species specific PCRs, 17 nasal swabs were positive for M. agalactiae, 38 for M. ovipneumoniae, and 8 for M. conjunctivae. The two lung tissue samples, which produced typical colonies on modified Hayflick medium, were confirmed as Mmc using species specific PCR. The representative Mmc strain, Ker.TCR. LT used for developing LAT had a genome size of 1,211,756 bp with 945 protein coding genes and is closely related to a goat derived strain, IVB-X as indicated by core genome phylogenetic analysis. Of the 50 nasal swab samples collected from goats with respiratory tract infections for validation of LAT, 17 were positive by PCR and 14 by LAT. In comparison to PCR, the LAT had a sensitivity of 87.5 percent and specificity of 100 percent. The latex agglutination test is a simple, rapid and reliable screening test under field conditions.

The para-Bombay phenotype is a rare H-deficient blood group variant characterized by markedly reduced or absent expression of H on red blood cells (RBCs) because of mutations in FUT1, with variable secretor status influenced by FUT2. The Bombay phenotype is relatively more common in the Indian population, but the para-Bombay phenotype remains exceedingly rare and is frequently underrecognized because of diagnostic challenges during routine serologic testing. We report molecularly confirmed para-Bombay siblings from India in whom rouleaux-induced pseudoagglutination mimicked anti-H reactiv ity. The index case demonstrated absent reactivity with anti-H lectin and weak reactivity with pooled group O RBCs during reverse grouping and thermal amplitude testing, initially raising suspicion of clinically significant anti-H. However, detailed serologic evaluation, including microscopic examination, saline replacement, adsor ption-elution studies, and saliva inhibition testing, favored rouleaux-induced pseudoagglutination over true anti-H-mediated agglutination. Molecular analysis identified homozygous FUT1 c.328G>A and FUT2 c.357C>T mutations in both affected siblings, consistent with para-Bombay secretor phenotype and similar to previously reported variants in the Telangana population. This case highlights rouleaux-induced pseudoagglutination as an impor tant diagnostic pitfall in para-Bombay phenotypes. Integration of conventional serologic methods with molecular characterization was essential for accurate diagnosis, appropriate transfusion planning, and avoidance of unnecessary restrictions on compatible blood components.

Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic parasite affecting humans and livestock, and reliable serological tools are needed for disease surveillance in small ruminants. This study developed and evaluated a recombinant T. gondii matrix antigen 1 (TgMAG1) based indirect ELISA (iELISA) for detecting anti T. gondii antibodies in goat sera from northeastern Thailand. A truncated TgMAG1 fragment (amino acids 31-93) was selected to minimize cross-reactivity with Neospora caninum, expressed in Escherichia coli, and confirmed by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and mass spectrometry. Overall, 213 goat sera were tested using latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and the TgMAG1-based iELISA. Seroprevalence was 34.7% by LAT and 38.5% by IFAT. Using LAT as the comparator, the iELISA showed 90.5% relative sensitivity (rSe; 95% CI: 81.7-95.3%), 85.6% relative specificity (rSp; 95% CI: 78.8-90.5%), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.73); using IFAT, rSe was 92.7% (95% CI: 84.9-96.6%), rSp was 66.4% (95% CI: 58.0-73.9%), and the AUC was 0.85 (κ = 0.54). These findings suggest the TgMAG1-based iELISA offers high rSe for detecting T. gondii exposure in goats, though further validation with broader serum panels is warranted to confirm its rSp.

Mannose receptors (MRs) are crucial pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity, yet their functional roles in teleost fish, particularly regarding systemic defense and gut microbiota regulation, remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized MsMR, a novel dual-carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) MR from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). MsMR exhibited broad-spectrum, Ca[2+]-dependent binding and agglutination activity against diverse bacteria and fungi, with the full-length protein showing superior functionality compared to individual CRDs. As an effective opsonin, recombinant MsMR (rMsMR) significantly enhanced phagocytosis and encapsulation of Aeromonas veronii by head kidney leukocytes. In vivo, low-dose rMsMR pretreatment showed a trend toward protection against A. veronii challenge, with mortality reduced from 55% to 25%, along with decreased bacterial loads in liver and spleen and mitigated tissue damage. This protection was associated with balanced immune responses, including downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α, il-1β) and mitigation of oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MsMR is associated with coordinated activation of innate immune pathways (C-type lectin, Toll-like receptor signaling) while fine-tuning inflammation. Notably, MsMR was secreted into the intestinal lumen and shaped gut microbiota composition in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings establish MsMR may contribute to bridge systemic antibacterial defense and gut microecological homeostasis, highlighting its potential for novel immunoprophylactic strategies in aquaculture.

The Mi[a] antigen on red blood cells (RBCs) of the MNS blood group system is clinically significant in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with a risk of alloimmunization and hemolytic transfusion reactions. Conventional serological typing for Mi[a] requires large reagent and sample volumes and subjective interpretation, highlighting the need for alternative analytical approaches. In this study, a novel simple electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based immunoassay was developed for Mi[a] antigen detection using a "mix-and-drop" strategy involving packed RBCs and specific anti-Mi[a] antibodies on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The analytical signal was defined as the change in charge transfer resistance (ΔR ct) measured on an SPCE in the presence of a ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe. Key assay parameters, including the RBC:antibody volume ratio, antibody dilution, and incubation time, were systematically optimized to maximize ΔR ct [net] in the agglutinating and non-agglutinating samples. Under optimized conditions, Mi[a] -positive agglutination samples produced a distinct and reproducible increase in impedance, attributed to the formation of hemagglutination, which impeded electron transfer at the electrode interface. The assay was evaluated using 232 clinical blood samples (122 Mi[a]-positive and 110 Mi[a]-negative), containing internal (70%) and external (30%) validation sets. The ΔR ct values for Mi[a]-positive and Mi[a]-negative samples demonstrated significant discrimination between groups (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed excellent diagnostic performance (p < 0.0001, AUC = 1.0), with an optimal ΔR ct cutoff of 71.10 kΩ, yielding 100% sensitivity and specificity within the internal and external validation sets. This label-free electrochemical assay requires low volumes of reagent and sample and is a rapid and practical approach for screening for the Mi[a] antigen without electrode surface modification, supporting its potential use in pre-transfusion blood testing.

A colorimetric/chemiluminescent vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) for Brucellosis was developed using glutathione-protected cobalt-gold nanoclusters conjugated with staphylococcal protein A (GSH@Co-AuNCs-SPA) as multifunctional catalytic immunoprobes. The nanocluster probe integrates antibody recognition with peroxidase-like catalytic activity, enabling three complementary signal readouts within a common immunorecognition architecture: direct colorimetric visualization, TMB-H2O2-amplified colorimetry, and luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence.The prepared GSH@Co-AuNCs exhibited H2O2-mediated catalytic activity and sustained chemiluminescent emission, with a detectable visual signal persisting for more than 150 min, thereby providing a broad acquisition window for low-background imaging. Serial-dilution experiments showed experimentally determined signal-discrimination thresholds of 0.5 IU mL[-1] for direct colorimetry and 0.2 IU mL[-1] for both TMB-amplified colorimetry and chemiluminescence. For the chemiluminescent mode, analysis of 20 independent blank measurements yielded a statistical limit of detection of 0.134 IU mL[-1]. Under the same analytical dilution-series conditions, a commercial colloidal-gold lateral-flow assay produced a visually distinguishable signal down to 20 IU mL[-1].To improve the consistency of image interpretation, shared-weight dual-branch ResNet-18 regression models were established for both TMB and chemiluminescent images. Grouped five-fold cross-validation yielded mean R[2] values of 0.8746 ± 0.0784 and 0.8907 ± 0.0588, with four-level grading accuracies of 96.25 ± 2.10% and 93.00 ± 6.28% for the TMB and chemiluminescent models, respectively. In a preliminary evaluation of 30 clinical serum samples, TMB-amplified colorimetry showed 95.0% sensitivity, 90.0% specificity, and 93.3% overall agreement with the serum agglutination test (SAT), whereas chemiluminescence showed 95.0%, 100%, and 96.7%, respectively.The proposed platform integrates catalytic signal amplification, complementary optical readouts, and regression-based semiquantitative interpretation within a single VFI system. This strategy provides a practical framework for improving weak-signal discrimination and standardized interpretation in rapid anti-Brucella antibody screening, while further validation in larger independent clinical cohorts remains necessary.

Administration of solid oral drug products via enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) is common due to the lack of suitable alternatives but is associated with substantial risk of drug loss. A novel in vitro setup was developed to simulate clinical administration, considering patient supine positioning, tube temperature control, tube diameter and material, and nutritional formula supply. Drug recovery of furosemide and levothyroxine was evaluated under best- and worst-case administration conditions over several days. Under best case conditions, including multiple syringe and tube flushing steps, recovery exceeded 90 percent for both drugs. Under worst-case conditions, where flushing was omitted, furosemide recovery on day one reached approximately 90 percent in 14 French tubes and 70 percent in 10 French tubes, while levothyroxine recovery was around 80 percent across all tubes. Drug recovery in 14 French tubes declined over time, reflecting sedimentation, incomplete syringe emptying, and interactions with nutritional formula. During nutritional supply, agglutination of nutrient formula and increased back pressure occurred, and residual deposits and bacterial colonization were observed at the tube interior. These findings underscore the critical role of flushing syringes and EFTs to maximize dose recovery and prevent tube obstruction. The study demonstrates that clinically relevant administration factors including tube diameter, duration of nutrition, and procedural adherence substantially influence delivered drug doses. The presented in vitro model provides a standardized, practice-oriented platform for evaluating drug recovery through EFTs, supporting optimization of clinical administration protocols and guiding future recommendations.

Self-destructing attenuated adjuvant Salmonella (SDAAS) strains are next-generation attenuated S. Typhimurium strains designed to be used as live adjuvants. They possess diverse means to prevent persistence in vivo, survival if excreted, and to enhance the induction of innate immunity. In this study, we investigated whether SDAAS strains can be safely delivered to chicken embryos by in ovo inoculation without compromising hatchability or hatchling health. We then evaluated their growth in different media, sensitivity to complement-mediated killing, motility, serum agglutination, flagellar and LPS profiling, their ability to attach to and invade Int-407 cells, and the activation of different pattern recognition receptors displayed by HEK-Blue cells. We also determined whether these strains could induce protective immune responses in chicks following homologous challenge at day of hatch with a virulent S. Typhimurium strain by reducing intestinal colonization and organ invasion. Our findings demonstrate that SDAAS strains can be safely administered in ovo in a dose-dependent manner. Family A strains exhibit strict requirements for 2,6-diaminopimelic acid and D-alanine, while Family B strains demonstrate absolute dependence on L-arabinose for growth in liquid and solid media. Adjuvant strains demonstrate increased activation of murine receptors NOD1, NOD2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR8, and TLR9 in HEK-Blue cells compared to the parent strain χ3761, despite having lower rates of cell adhesion to and invasion of Int-407 cells. Lastly, we observed that in ovo administration of SDAAS strains reduced titers of S. Typhimurium recovered from birds as they became older, suggesting a time-dependent enhancement of protective immunity induced by SDAAS strains.

Edwardsiella species are reassigned under the family Hafniaceae following phylogenomic revisions of the order Enterobacterales, a primary pathogenic strain of fish, while Escherichia coli are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family that are frequently reported as contaminants with rare causes of illness in fish but severely affect other mammals. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2022 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. coli O157:H7 in fish and determining the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. A total of 768 tissue samples comprising intestine, liver, and kidney were collected from 256 apparently healthy fish. Bacterial isolation was performed using selective and differential culture media, including MacConkey agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar, Edwardsiella isolation medium, eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, and sorbitol MacConkey agar. Further identification was performed using biochemical tests and latex agglutination assays, particularly for the targeted strain of E. coli. The disk diffusion test was employed to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates against seven standard antimicrobial disks. The findings were presented using descriptive statistics, while the association of categorical variables with the occurrence of bacterial species was computed using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of E. tarda, E. ictaluri, and E. coli O157:H7 among fish was 8.6%, 4.7%, and 14.1%, respectively, and among organs (intestine, liver, and kidney) was 4.01%, 1.95%, and 5.34%, respectively. The maturity of fish and lake showed a significant association (p < 0.05) with the occurrence of E. tarda. Resistance to tetracycline was noted in all of the isolates. The results of this study concluded that the intestines of fish harbor E. tarda, E. ictaluri, as primary inhabitant pathogens, and E. coli O157:H7, which may be a transient microorganism mostly associated with fault handling practice.

Viral diagnostics during early phases of infection are often limited by target scarcity and the deployment tempo. We significantly advance both quantitative accuracy and diagnostic throughput of viral agglutination assays with Immuno-Janus Particle (IJP) aggregation behavior that "flicker" stochastically with size-dependent statistics. By scrutinizing microscale blinking patterns of time series fluorescent videos, we decipher Brownian dynamics of individual IJP-Virus conjugates and IJP aggregates via windowed Itô stochastic analysis (termed the Culsans method). High-frequency rotational fluctuation is deconvolved from corrupting drifts caused by gravitational sedimentation and Brownian translational motion. This methodology enables a non-linear mapping of angular positions of detected IJPs and IJP aggregates to extract rotational diffusivity (D r) (and subsequently overall construct size) with superior linearity (R [2] ≥ 0.85). The aggregation behavior exhibits a maximum when the IJP and viral particle concentrations are equal. The virion-bridged IJP-IJP conjugates significantly shift the detectable hydrodynamic diameter in the Poisson limit of reduced virus concentration with respect to IJPs, pushing the limit of detection (LOD) to 10 [3] - 10 [4] virions per mL in untreated human plasma. This tunable platform offers a rapid, low-volume, and scalable alternative to lab-based RT-PCR, bridging the gap between virion sensitivity and field-readiness.