Despite over 40 years having passed since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), neither a cure nor a prophylactic vaccine is yet clinically available. Promoting preventive measures and raising awareness remain critical to controlling the epidemic, especially among key populations such as college students and men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly in light of the rapid rise in adolescent AIDS cases in China. In this study, we conducted an annual anonymous online cross-sectional survey from 2018 to 2022 to assess HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and willingness to adopt preventive measures among college students in Shenzhen, China. A total of 3,095 valid questionnaires were collected. The knowledge attainment rate increased significantly from 28.2% to 49.5% during this period and was correlated with gender, age, grade, and household registration status (p < .05). Male participants (odds ratio = 1.232, 95% confidence interval: 1.053-1.422, p < .01) demonstrated higher HIV/AIDS knowledge awareness than females and were more willing to use self-testing. Fingerstick blood-based self-test kits were the most commonly preferred option among participants. Most participants preferred to access self-test kits in medical rooms, dormitories, and bathrooms. Although MSM individuals showed greater willingness to adopt preventive measures, their knowledge awareness rate was not significantly different from that of the general student population. These findings suggest that implementing peer-community health programs combined with edutainment approaches may improve HIV/AIDS knowledge and promote preventive behaviors and service utilization among college students.

Video‑assisted instruction can enhance the teaching and learning of periodontal instrumentation when visualization and content quality support clear demonstration of technique. This study aimed to describe the development of high‑resolution instructional videos demonstrating armamentarium and techniques on a typodont with simulated calculus, and to evaluate perceived usefulness among predoctoral dental students. The institutional review board determined that the study was exempt. Instructional videos were recorded in 8K resolution and demonstrated instrument selection, ergonomics, adaptation, angulation, and activation of strokes on a typodont with transparent gingiva and simulated supra‑ and subgingival calculus deposits. Perceived usefulness was evaluated through a brief anonymous survey with optional open-ended feedback. The same cohort was invited to evaluate both video sets, but anonymous responses could not be linked across surveys. Proportions were summarized with 95% Wilson score confidence intervals (CIs). Due to the study's descriptive design, no formal hypothesis testing was performed. Sixteen students completed the survey evaluating the previously used instructional videos; 37.5% rated them "Extremely useful" (95% CI [18.5, 61.4%]), and 50% rated them "Very useful." Fourteen students completed the survey evaluating the new videos; 64.3% rated them "Extremely useful" (9/14; 95% CI [38.8, 83.7%]), 28.6% "Very useful" (4/14), 7.1% "Slightly useful" (1/14), and no participant chose "Moderately useful" or "Not at all useful." All participants indicated they would refer to the new videos in the future. Descriptive categorization of 27 comments identified five recurring themes: clarity, zoom, technique, realism, and accessibility. Students valued improved resolution and close‑up views, while suggestions emphasized captions/written explanations and demonstrations on natural teeth. The findings further support the role of high-resolution instructional videos as useful adjuncts to preclinical periodontal instruction. Future studies should evaluate objective performance outcomes and explore additional content and accessibility features.

Cancer pain remains inadequately managed in low-resource settings such as Nepal, where regulatory barriers, stigma, limited opioid availability, and insufficient clinical training hinder effective treatment. Although opioids are essential for moderate to severe cancer pain, concerns regarding misuse and weak system-level governance restrict rational access, contributing to avoidable suffering and health inequities. The Pilot Initiative for Local Opioid Treatment (PILOT) study aims to co-design, pilot, and evaluate a contextually appropriate opioid stewardship framework to strengthen cancer pain management in Nepal.

Sexual aggression (SA) is a major public health concern with serious consequences for victims and significant costs for society. The majority of acts are committed by men from the general population who are rarely prosecuted. The Confluence Model (CM) is one of the most empirically supported frameworks for explaining SA, primarily tested in samples from the United States of America. However, its cross-cultural validity remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the explanatory power of the CM in relation to SA perpetrated by Argentinian men without criminal records for sexual offenses. A total of 354 cisgender heterosexual or bisexual men from the general population completed an anonymous online survey. Hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used. Results partially replicated the original model: hostile masculinity had a stronger and more consistent association with SA than impersonal sex, which was removed in the most parsimonious model. Childhood victimization, adolescent antisocial behavior, and tolerant attitudes toward violence showed indirect effects. The findings contribute to an assessment of the CM in a Latin America context and underscore the importance of culturally grounded prevention strategies that integrate risk factors proposed by the model. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Privacy and data security concerns are frequently cited barriers to the adoption of internet-based interventions. Allowing anonymous use may reduce these barriers, but whether anonymity affects clinical outcomes is unclear.

Background Smoking has been linked to several urological conditions, including lower urinary tract symptoms and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Cigarette and narghile use remains common among young adults in Lebanon. This study assessed the association between current tobacco/nicotine use and pelvic pain and urgency/frequency (PUF)-defined urinary symptom burden among Lebanese students and recent graduates. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study included 476 Lebanese university students and recent graduates aged 18-30 years during the 2019-2020 academic year. Urinary symptoms were assessed using the PUF questionnaire. A PUF score >2 was analyzed as low-threshold PUF screening-positive urinary symptom burden, and a PUF score of >9 was analyzed as higher-threshold PUF screening-positive symptom burden. Smoking exposure was assessed using items adapted from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Associations were assessed using chi-square testing, one-way analysis of variance with Welch correction when appropriate, crude prevalence ratios, multivariable logistic regression, and modified Poisson regression with robust error variance, both with current smoking as the primary exposure and adjusting for age, caffeine intake, sex, body mass index, and university type. Results The sample included 237 males (49.8%) and 239 females (50.2%), with a mean age of 23.57 (SD: 3.43) years and a mean body mass index of 24.11 (SD: 3.82) kg/m[2]. Current smokers represented 167 participants (35.1%). Low-threshold PUF screening-positive urinary symptom burden (PUF >2) was present in 137 smokers (82.0%) and 56 non-smokers (18.1%) (χ[2](1) = 183.70, p < 0.001; crude prevalence ratio: 4.53, 95% CI: 3.53-5.80). Higher-threshold PUF screening-positive symptom burden (PUF >9) was present in 67 smokers (40.1%) and 6 non-smokers (1.9%) (χ[2](1) = 121.69, p < 0.001; crude prevalence ratio: 20.66, 95% CI: 9.16-46.62). In adjusted prevalence-ratio models, smoking remained associated with low-threshold PUF screening-positive urinary symptom burden (adjusted PR: 4.43, 95% CI: 3.49-5.63) and higher-threshold PUF screening-positive symptom burden (adjusted PR: 18.12, 95% CI: 8.29-39.64). Daily cigarette/cigar quantity was associated with a higher mean PUF score among 89 users (ANOVA F(3,85) = 10.14, p < 0.001) and with higher PUF >9 prevalence among the same 89 users with daily quantity data (χ[2](3) = 11.38, p = 0.010). Conclusions Current tobacco/nicotine use was strongly associated with higher questionnaire-based PUF screening-positive urinary symptom burden among Lebanese university-aged adults. A dose-response pattern was observed among cigarette/cigar users. Because this was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study without clinical confirmation, the findings should be interpreted as screening-based associations rather than confirmed clinical diagnoses.

This auricular hematoma task trainer is designed to instruct emergency medicine (EM) residents, fellows, and medical students. Otolaryngology trainees may also benefit from this simulator.