Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is the most frequently observed disorder of the oral mucosa. Since the etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis is unclear, there is no specific treatment method. The preferred treatment methods aim to alleviate symptoms such as pain and discomfort and shorten the recovery period. Triamcinolone acetonide is one of the most commonly used topical glucocorticoids. Within the scope of this study, electrospun nanofiber-based formulations were developed using two Eudragit (E) polymers, S100 and RL100, as an alternative to the marketed product, which contains 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide (Kenacort-A orobase ointment). Drug loading capacities of the nanofiber films (per 4 cm[2]) were 1.333 ± 0.594 mg for E S and 1.969 ± 1.000 mg for E RL, while SEM analysis demonstrated that the average fiber diameters were 259 ± 83 nm and 192 ± 81 nm for E S and E RL, respectively. FTIR, NMR, and DSC analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of triamcinolone acetonide into the nanofiber matrix and indicated the absence of any chemical incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. Drug release studies and permeability studies demonstrated higher drug release and permeation levels compared to the commercial product, with an improved release profile achieved by the developed nanofiber formulations. As a result, triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanofibers were successfully produced and characterized, and the results indicate that these nanofiber formulations represent a promising alternative to existing topical treatments for recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Background/Objectives: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most frequently encountered periodic fever syndrome in pediatric populations. It is characterized by recurrent, stereotyped episodes of fever accompanied by pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, and aphthous stomatitis, sometimes with other additional nonspecific symptoms. Episodes usually last 3-7 days and recur at regular intervals of approximately 2-8 weeks. The etiopathogenesis of PFAPA remains incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence supports a central role of immune dysregulation with multiple genetic variants that contribute to disease susceptibility. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical evaluation, although targeted genetic testing may be considered in selected cases particularly when overlapping with other monogenic autoinflammatory disorders. Management of PFAPA aims to decrease the frequency and intensity of febrile episodes. Acute flares are managed with antipyretics, corticosteroids, or, in selected cases, anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) therapy, while preventive strategies include colchicine, cimetidine, or tonsillectomy. Adjunctive approaches such as vitamin D supplementation, probiotics, and other immunomodulatory interventions have also been investigated. This updated review summarizes current insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of PFAPA. Methods: This narrative review was conducted using PubMed, and Scopus to identify English-language publications from 2010 to 2026 addressing PFAPA. Conclusions: Pediatricians should consider PFAPA in children with recurrent fevers and oropharyngeal symptoms, especially when standard treatments fail, to ensure proper management and avoid unnecessary antibiotic use.

Background Water-soluble vitamins, particularly B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, play essential roles in energy metabolism, immune function, and tissue repair. Despite widespread clinical use, variability in evidence across indications and prescribing practices necessitates evaluation of physician perspectives. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of clinicians regarding Becozym C Forte[®] in routine clinical settings. Methods A cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted among 212 physicians to evaluate perceptions, prescribing behaviors, and clinical experiences related to targeted B-complex plus vitamin C formulations. The survey included domains assessing clinical efficacy, product preference across multiple scenarios, and comparative perceptions versus multivitamin-multimineral formulations. Responses were analyzed descriptively using proportions and frequency distributions. Results A high level of agreement was observed regarding improved tolerance and adherence with targeted formulations (209, 98.58%). Clinicians reported perceived benefits in fatigue, with over 90% indicating improvement in at least half of patients. High effectiveness was also reported for mouth ulcers (156, 73.58% reporting >75% improvement), while more than 80% of clinicians perceived improvement in neuropathy-related symptoms in at least 50% of patients. Focused vitamin supplementation was preferred over multivitamin-multimineral products in suspected water-soluble vitamin deficiencies (185, 87.26%) and across multiple clinical scenarios, including recovery, stress-related fatigue, and antibiotic use. Improved energy levels (183, 86.32%) and better tolerability were the most commonly perceived advantages. Conclusion Physicians demonstrated a strong preference for targeted B-complex and vitamin C supplementation across diverse clinical conditions, supported by perceived benefits in energy, tolerability, and symptom relief. While these perceptions align with known biological roles of these micronutrients, variability in supporting clinical evidence highlights the need for cautious interpretation and further well-designed studies to strengthen evidence-based use in routine practice.