Diagnostic radiologists are expected to review and assimilate findings from prior studies when constructing their overall assessment of the current study. Radiology information systems facilitate this process by presenting the radiologist with a subset of prior studies that are more likely to be relevant to the current study, usually by comparing anatomic coverage of both the current and prior studies. It is incumbent on the radiologist to review the full text report and/or images from those prior studies, a process that is time-consuming and confers substantial risk of overlooking a relevant prior study or finding. This risk is compounded when patients have dozens or even hundreds of prior imaging studies. Our goal is to assess the feasibility of natural language processing techniques to automatically extract asserted and negated disease entities from free-text radiology reports as a step towards automated report summarization. We compared automatically extracted disease mentions to a gold-standard set of manual annotations for 50 radiology reports from CT abdomen and pelvis examinations. The automated report summarization pipeline found perfect or overlapping partial matches for 86% of the manually annotated disease mentions (sensitivity 0.86, precision 0.66, accuracy 0.59, F1 score 0.74). The performance of the automated pipeline was good, and the overall accuracy was similar to the interobserver agreement between the two manual annotators.

High assimilation sacrum is fusion of the caudal-most lumbar vertebra to the first sacral vertebra. Previous studies have shown that high assimilation is associated with clinical problems, including obstetrical difficulty. This study used adult American males (n = 1,048) and females (n = 1,038) of the Hamann-Todd and Terry skeletal collections to determine the prevalence of high assimilation and its effect on pelvic size, and to consider the obstetrical and evolutionary implications of high assimilation. The prevalence of high assimilation in this sample is 6.3%, with males and females not differing significantly from one another in their prevalence. This prevalence is near the median for that reported in 41 other samples. In both males and females, individuals with high assimilation have significantly longer anteroposterior and posterior sagittal diameters of the inlet, and shorter sacrum compared to those with a nonassimilated sacrum. Females with high assimilation have a significantly narrower sacral angulation (i.e., reduced inclination of ventral axis of sacrum), and shorter posterior sagittal diameter of the outlet compared to those with a nonassimilated sacrum. A short posterior sagittal diameter of the outlet is associated with childbirth difficulty. As high assimilation is partial homeotic transformation of a lumbar vertebra, this study supports previous research that homeotic transformation of vertebrae is selectively disadvantageous.

Real time ultrasound imaging is one of the many ways to clinically evaluate the anatomical and functional condition of female pelvic floor in patients with urinary incontinence. Reflex arc testing of the displacement of uro-gynecological structures during imaging provides a non-invasive way of visualizing their motility. The response from such tests invariably contains a very large amount of visual information, which is not readily captured and assimilated by the observer because it occurs so fast. For this reason only a portion of available information is retained, typically the beginning end ending frame of the image is preserved. Using video motion tracking, parameters were identified to define important biomechanical and temporal relationships. We conclude that new and clinically significant amount of original information about the female pelvic floor can be obtained through the proposed analysis of visualizations.

Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor carries diagnostically important information about the dynamic response of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) to potentially incontinence-producing stress, which cannot be readily captured and assimilated by the observer during the scanning process. We presented an approach based on motion tracking quantitatively to analyze the dynamic parameters of PFM on the ano-rectal angle (ARA). Perineal ultrasonography was performed on 22 asymptomatic females and nine stress urinary incontinent (SUI) patients with a broad age distribution and parity. The ventral-dorsal and cephalad-caudad movements of the ARA were resolved and kinematic parameters, in terms of displacement, trajectory, velocity and acceleration, were analyzed. The results revealed the possible mechanisms of PFM responses to prevent the urine from incontinence in fast and stress events such as coughs. The statistical analyses showed that the PFM responses of the healthy subjects and the SUI patients are significantly different in both the supine and standing experiments.

This paper presents the development process of a health education program to promote adherence to a pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) therapy for women with urinary incontinence (UI). The development process started with a needs assessment phase in which the health problem, health-related quality of life, and behavioral and environmental determinants were assessed. Guided by the intervention mapping (IM) approach, program objectives were formulated and, on the basis of both empirical and theoretical data, intervention methods for influencing determinants of adherence to PFME therapy were chosen and translated into practical strategies. This information was assimilated to a transparent description of the program design. The theoretical rationale of the program was based on the transtheoretical model, the self-regulation theory and principles of targeted communication and sex-specific health care.

The diagnostic value of radiological pelvimetry is subject to controversial interpretation. This examination is being conducted at the Department of Gynaecology in Aarau (Frauenklinik Aarau) mainly in pregnant women in pelvic presentation or during the puerperium after Caesarean section. Based on 164 radiological pelvimetric measurements in breech presentation and 112 X-ray films after Caesarean section an attempt was made to assess the prospective value of this examination. Abnormal shapes of the pelvis and narrow pelvic dimensions were found about equally often. Analysis of the indications of the section yielded both in breech presentation and in the entire group of the patients examined post partum an almost equally high percentage of about 20% of indications for a disproportionate head-pelvis relationship. Radiologically, considerably narrowed pelvic dimensions were seen in 10% of the examined women. The most frequent finding was a funnel-shaped pelvis, whereas an assimilation pelvis was never seen. Every pathologically narrowed funnel-shaped pelvis and generally narrow pelvis was detected also by digital palpation. All cases of conjugata vera masses below 10 cm concerned generally narrow cases of pelvic dimensions and were thus detectable by digital palpation. We recommended to abstain from routine performance of radiometric pelvimetry. Lateral pelvic X-ray can be an additional help in difficulties in pregnant women with regard to determining the mode of birth in breech presentation and after Caesarean section in case there is an urgent suspicion of malproportionate head-pelvis ratios.

The importance of the long pelvis with lumbo-sacral assimilation in obstetrics is evaluated. 111 x-rays of the pelvis in cases with abnormal deliveries were evaluated and compared to the clinical data. The incidence of the long pelvis was not increased in the total group, nor in the 100 cases with abnormal deliveries. A long pelvis was present in 30.2% of the 43 breech presentations. In 4 cases with a funnel pelvis vaginal delivery occurred without difficulty. In 42 posterior vertex presentation the long pelvis appears to have a pathogenetic importance regarding the primary posterior position. The further course of the delivery was not influenced by the long pelvis. In 7 cases of low transverse arrest, 4 had a long pelvis but only 1 had a funnel pelvis to explain this abnormal position. In summary, the long pelvis even in its most severe form, the funnel pelvis, does not block the adaptation processes in the lesser pelvis. The changes in the pelvic inlet due to the lumbo-sacral assimilation have an etiologic importance on the initial presentation at the inlet such as breech presentation, military vertex presentation, brow presentation, or Roederers anomaly. However, no prognostic value for the mechanism of the delivery can be derived from the initial presentation. The delivery dose not depend on the long pelvis but on the malpresentation when delivery becomes necessary.

Reconstructive microsurgery has been associated with significantly improved results in infertility. These techniques have made the gynecologist much more conscious of peritoneal trauma and of postoperative adhesions. It has enabled the appreciation of normal and pathologic fine morphologic details. The assimilation of microsurgical principles into gynecology will provide its major benefit in terms of prophylaxis. A pelvic laparotomy in the female infant, adolescent, or young woman will aim at conservation and the avoidance of trauma, postoperative adhesions, and future reduction of fertility. Microsurgery enables a tubal transplantation. Although this is feasible today in a homozygous twin, the wider application of this procedure must await necessary progress in immunology. Microsurgical techniques are required for extracorporeal fertilization. In the not too distant future, microsurgery will become an integral part of fertility-promoting procedures. There will no longer be the need to qualify "microsurgery" since "fertility surgery" will simply imply "fertility microsurgery."

50 patients admitted for lumbago or sciatica are examined for their "static". Radiographs of the lumbar-pelvis-hip-joint region are taken in 2 planes with the patient standing. An oblique pelvis is a certain, a reduced angle of Leger a probable influence of lumbosciatic pain. The high-assimilation-pelvis of Gutmann produces an unfavorable prognosis.