The emergence of shigellosis caused by Shigella spp. poses a significant threat to global health, and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains necessitates the development of effective antimicrobial therapies. Bacteriophages present a promising approach for both prevention and treatment of MDR infections.

Comprehensive multimodal imaging is essential for the precise clinical diagnostics of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) is of prime importance regarding the baseline examination, follow-up and monitoring during treatment. OCT imaging in nAMD eyes enables a high-resolution assessment of the retinal micromorphology, which can be considerably disturbed in different layers. A large number of pathological OCT alterations represent distinct micromorphological OCT biomarkers. These should be taken into account in the assessment of OCT images. This article covers the following important biomarkers: intraretinal, subretinal and sub-pigment epithelial fluid, outer retinal tubulations, ellipsoid zone integrity, hyperreflective foci, subretinal drusenoid deposits, onion sign, hyporeflective prechoroidal cleft, double-layer sign, subretinal hyperreflective material and bacillary layer detachment.

Cutaneous Tuberculosis is a rare form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. It is a skin infection typically caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is more prevalent in TB-endemic areas and immunocompromised individuals. Cutaneous TB has various manifestations and can resemble a multitude of other skin conditions. The disease can be further classified by the route of infection and the bacillary load, which adds another layer of complexity to the diagnostic process. Awareness of cutaneous TB can prompt earlier initiation of microbiological and histopathological workup for the disease, thereby preventing complications and facilitating more effective management. In this report, we present an interesting case of cutaneous TB that manifested as a chronic non-healing ulcer of the foot for 15 years in a healthy middle-aged individual without any risk factors or systemic symptoms.