Research into key adolescent health domains, like problematic screen-based media use, sleep health, and physical activity, are frequently limited by error-prone self-report-based measures. To improve the measurement of such behaviors, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD), a diverse longitudinal cohort study of nearly 12,000 U.S. youth (ages 9-10 at Baseline), includes remote sensing protocols during data collection. Consenting participants provided up to three weeks of Fitbit actigraphy data, beginning at the year-two follow up, and smartphone usage data, beginning at the year-four follow up, collected via the Effortless Assessment of Research Systems (EARS) smartphone application. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize all published empirical studies which have utilized the ABCD Study's passive sensor data, identifying 45 articles investigating measurement validity, and associations with adolescent health, development, and neurocognitive functioning. Fitbit devices broadly reproduced estimates of sleep and physical activity obtained from research-grade sensors. Smartphone sensor data were internally consistent, reproduced expected daily usage patterns, and were moderately correlated with self-report. Most substantive studies utilized Fitbit data and reported cross-sectional associations between sensor-derived single-item summary statistics and survey-based measures of mental and behavioral health, neurocognitive functioning, or environmental risk factors. A smaller number of studies utilized longitudinal designs, within-person analyses, machine learning approaches, and/or genetic or neuroimaging methods to reduce confounding and enhance biological and etiological insight into these observed relationships. While published findings were largely incremental in nature, ABCD's passive sensing resources nonetheless represent a powerful, widely available resource for incorporating sensor-based measures into adolescent health research.

There are rising demands for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) worldwide. Thoracic aorta assessment is a common CMR indication. There are many benefits to shorter scan times including improved patient experience, as well as efficiency of a service. This service development project aimed to optimize the current 'aorta' protocol in a large tertiary CMR centre in the United Kingdom (which includes aortic valve [AV] and left ventricle [LV] assessment), with the aim to reduce scanning and reporting times. A 'Short aorta' protocol was devised (where only the thoracic aorta is assessed). The 'Short aorta' protocol requires a 30-minute scan slot, whereas the 'Full aorta' protocol (assessing thoracic aorta, AV and LV function) requires 60 minutes. This project retrospectively analysed clinical and scan characteristics of patients referred to the Yorkshire Heart Centre for CMR before and after introduction of a 'Short aorta' protocol. Over the two 13-week audit periods, thoracic aorta assessment was the main indication for 137 CMR referrals. Based on clinical indication, 95 (69%) could have used the 'Short aorta' protocol. After introduction of the 'Short aorta' protocol, 39 (46%) of 85 scans were protocolled as 'Short aorta'. This resulted in significantly reduced scan times compared to the original 'aorta' protocol: 18 (IQR 15, 21) vs. 37 (IQR 32, 42) minutes; P = <0.0001). Over the second audit period, 1.2 h of scanner time per week was saved. With appropriate protocolling and booking, 1.9 h of scanner time could be saved. This is significant capacity which can improve waiting times, offering better service for patients.

Histone lysine demethylase 4 (KDM4) enzymes are frequently overexpressed in cancer and are considered to be promising therapeutic targets. QC6352, which is widely used as a best-in-class KDM4 chemical probe, shows potent antitumor activity across cancer models. Using comprehensive chemical biology approaches in glioblastoma models, we demonstrate that the efficacy of QC6352 and that of its clinical analog zavondemstat are independent of KDM4 inhibition. Instead, we identify dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, as the functional target driving their antiproliferative activity. Uridine supplementation and expression of an inhibitor-resistant DHODH mutant fully abrogate growth inhibition, whereas the orthogonal KDM4 inhibitor ML324, which lacks DHODH inhibition, fails to phenocopy QC6352. These findings establish QC6352 and zavondemstat as dual KDM4-DHODH inhibitors and identify DHODH inhibition as the dominant driver of their antiglioblastoma efficacy, as well as demonstrating the need for orthogonal chemical probes to accurately define drug mechanisms in cells.

This commentary critically examines the language of risk in firearm violence prevention research and practice. While federal, state and health system investments have been made to reduce levels of firearm violence, intervention models and broader discourses about gun violence often employ narrow definitions of risk to define the issue. We assess how frameworks used in understanding firearm violence rely on racialised assumptions that obscure the structural conditions which shape people's lives. Notions of risk in violence prevention research and practice frequently, and in many cases inadvertently, individualise the causes of community violence and may contribute to the racialisation and stigmatisation of those most likely to experience violence. In doing so, researchers and programmes treat risk (a probability distributed across populations) as an attribute of particular people rather than as an expression of the conditions that produce it. Additionally, the dominant discourses of risk have overlooked how those who are most likely to experience firearm violence understand what factors shape the likelihood of being injured. Scholars in the firearm violence research and prevention practice space have emphasised that the language used to describe the issue has real-world implications. We argue that greater conceptual clarity in the distinction between risk and risk factors, as well as transparency in how risk is defined and operationalised, is vital for fostering structurally grounded approaches to prevention.

Enteral feed type is widely believed to affect brain growth and development directly as well as influencing the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), a leading cause of death and neuro-impairment in extremely preterm babies. Own mother's milk (OMM) enhances neurodevelopment and reduces NEC. However, most babies born below 29 weeks gestation require some supplementary feeds during their neonatal unit stay because their mothers are unable to express sufficient milk. The available options, pasteurised human donor milk (pHDM) and preterm formula (PTF), differ markedly in nutrient and non-nutrient composition and cost. Non-definitive data suggest superiority of pHDM over PTF in relation to NEC risk, but no benefits have been shown in important corroboratory outcomes: surgical NEC, death, blood stream infection and neurodevelopmental impairment.Human milk macronutrient content is variable and often low, hence some clinicians practise routine protein-carbohydrate fortification. Others fear that cow-milk derived fortifiers may increase NEC risk or may provide excessively high protein intakes dangerous to neurodevelopment and metabolic health. These uncertainties compromise patient care and safety and are strong justification for randomised evaluation.

Liver dysfunction rates increase markedly with ageing causing the plasma concentrations of toxic endogenous metabolites to rise. We demonstrated that brief exposure of HepG2 cells in vitro to a liver-derived toxic metabolite cocktail triggers a distinct state of cellular senescence termed senescence induced by liver toxins (SILT). SILT combines classical features of senescence (loss of proliferative capacity, proinflammatory changes, senescence associated β- galactosidase reactivity and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor upregulation) with a broader loss of essential hepatocyte functions. Immortalised cell lines are valuable models for primary hepatic function but also show important physiological differences. We have extended our analysis to primary hepatocytes and have found that both human and porcine liver cells undergo SILT in vitro when exposed to the concentrations of endogenous toxins typical of liver disease. As in HepG2 cells, SILT in primary hepatocytes was accompanied by loss of albumin production (as measured by ELISA) and urea synthesis (measured biochemically) but was reversible by 5µM resveratrol in a species- and function-dependent manner. Deeper transcriptomic profiling of SILT revealed the activation of stress and inflammatory pathways combined and repression of hepatocyte metabolic programmes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrates that the SILT is present in vivo in multiple reference transcriptomic datasets derived from diseased, but not healthy liver. This is consistent with the presence of a population of SILT hepatocytes among the senescent cells found in the ageing organ in vivo. Thus, SILT may contribute to the ultimate failure of liver function which may potentially be delayed by resveratrol treatment.

Brown, FSA, Fields, JB, Jagim, AR, Miller, A, Baker, RE, and Jones, MT. Relationship between individual workload, training impulse, and game performance in women collegiate basketball athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-The purpose was to quantify game external load (EL) demands and explore relationships between EL, internal load (IL), and measures of basketball performance across a competitive season in women basketball athletes (n = 7). Data were collected by an inertial measurement unit microsensor and heart rate monitor for games (n = 28) and practices (n = 61). Playerload™ (PL), training impulse (TRIMP), and player efficiency (PE) were used to quantify EL, IL, and basketball performance, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify individual athlete PE, IL, and EL game measures, and game statistics for each game and stratified by position type. Repeated-measures correlations assessed relationships between PL, TRIMP, and PE. Two separate location scale models (PL, TRIMP) assessed the effect of session, position, PE, and previous day workload (PL lag, TRIMP lag). Results showed small to very large relationships (r = 0.21-0.85) between PL, TRIMP, and PE. Previous day workloads (PL, TRIMP) positively affected next-day load. Playerload increased as PE increased. Guards experienced higher within person variability of PL than forward or center positions. Athletes experienced high within person variability of PL (25.50 AU) and TRIMP (20.90 AU) across the season. The average TRIMP remained consistent across the season (230.2 AU) but varied between athletes (B = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.30-6.50]). Results suggest preceding day workload is associated with next-day workload and player performance, with higher EL being associated with higher PE. Furthermore, higher variability among athletes indicates other factors may affect workload across the season beyond sport training.