Intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) systems integrate photocatalysts, carriers, and biofilms for recalcitrant-contaminant removal and nitrogen transformation. As research has shifted toward interfacial mechanisms, photogenerated-electron fate and attribution have become central to interpreting photocatalytic-microbial interactions. However, observations of improved removal, enhanced nitrogen conversion, altered photoelectrochemical signals, or upregulation of extracellular electron transfer (EET)-related components do not by themselves establish microbial utilization of photogenerated electrons. This review critically evaluates thermodynamic feasibility, competing electron sinks, photocatalyst-carrier-biofilm configurations, microbial EET-related components, and engineering constraints. Photogenerated electrons may recombine with holes, reduce O2 to reactive oxygen species, reduce organic or inorganic acceptors, or participate in microbial interfacial exchange, while alternative reducing equivalents are provided by co-substrates, photocatalytic transformation products, and endogenous metabolism. A five-tier claim-based evidence hierarchy distinguishes associative evidence, interfacial transfer/accessibility, causal biological electron acquisition, source-resolved microbial utilization, and bounded quantitative attribution. Robust attribution requires source-resolved evidence linking causal biological electron acquisition to a defined terminal function; specific molecular EET claims require pathway-specific evidence, whereas quantitative attribution requires electron-equivalent accounting within an explicit system boundary. Engineering translation ultimately depends on whether these relationships remain valid in real wastewater matrices, nonuniform illumination, continuous-flow operation, interfacial aging, and process-level energy and cost constraints.

The PKP2 (12p11.21) gene encodes plakophilin-2, a key component of cardiac desmosomes, and its mutations are strongly associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). In this study, we utilized an adenine base editor (ABE) to introduce the PKP2 c.1171-2 A > G mutation into the H9 human embryonic stem cell line. The resulting cell line, named WAe009-A-3W, maintains typical stem cell morphology, pluripotency, a normal 46,XX karyotype, and trilineage differentiation potential. Its STR profile matches that of the parental H9 line. This cell line serves as a valuable in vitro model for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PKP2-associated ARVC.

Severe hypokalemia is a rare but potentially reversible cause of malignant arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Early recognition of significant fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances in patients with intestinal urinary diversion may be life-saving. We present the clinical course of a 55-year-old woman who developed severe hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and extreme hypokalemia following prolonged vomiting and high-output fluid loss through a Bricker ureteroileocutaneostomy. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit in a peri-arrest condition, where cardiac arrest occurred shortly thereafter. The monitored rhythm was ventricular fibrillation alternating with "torsade de pointes" ventricular fibrillation. During advanced life support, targeted high-dose intravenous potassium replacement, magnesium sulfate administration, and bicarbonate substitution were performed. A total of 120 mL of 7.4% potassium chloride was administered during resuscitation, resulting in return of spontaneous circulation after approximately 18 minutes. During the first 24 hours, a total of 460 mmol potassium chloride replacement was required. Following the return of spontaneous circulation, intermittent hemodialysis was performed to correct severe metabolic acidosis. During subsequent intensive care treatment, sepsis and bilateral pneumonia developed; however, with targeted antimicrobial therapy, organ support, and continuous electrolyte correction, the patient's condition gradually improved. Successful extubation was performed on day 7, and the patient was transferred back to the nephrology ward with favourable neurological outcome. This case highlights that rapidly developing severe hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis in patients with Bricker urinary diversion may lead to malignant arrhythmias and cardiac arrest; however, prompt recognition of reversible metabolic abnormalities and aggressive targeted potassium replacement can be life-saving. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(41): 1664-1668.

The complete chloroplast genome of Mesosphaerum suaveolens is 152,555 base pairs long and has a typical quadripartite structure. It contains 132 genes, including 13 cis-splicing genes, 2 trans-splicing genes (rps12), and 8 tRNA genes with introns. A total of 47 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified: 41 mononucleotide repeats (19 A, 1 C, 21 T), 4 dinucleotide repeats (2 TA, 2 AT), and 2 complex repeats (21 bp and 81 bp). The genes rps19 (LSC and IRb), ndhF (SSC and IRb), and ycf1 (SSC and IRa) are located at the borders between two regions. The most frequently used codons and amino acids are UGU (Cys), GGU (Gly), UUA (Leu), and UUU (Phe). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the chloroplast genome of M. suaveolens is closely related to Ocimum gratissimum, and that the Isodon Hanceola clade forms a major clade comprising 19 species across 11 Lamiaceae genera. These findings support species identification, evolutionary research, and conservation genetics for M. suaveolens and related medicinal plants.

BackgroundSurgical site infection following cesarean section remains a major contributor to maternal morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated its burden and determinants in Africa, findings remain heterogeneous and have not previously been synthesized through an umbrella review.ObjectiveTo synthesize evidence on the prevalence and determinants of surgical site infection following cesarean section in Africa.DesignUmbrella review.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, HINARI/Research4Life, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Ethiopian scholarly repositories was conducted from March 1, 2026 to March 30, 2026. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting the prevalence and/or determinants of surgical site infection following cesarean section in African populations were eligible. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and overlap among primary studies was evaluated using the corrected covered area method.ResultsSeven systematic reviews and meta-analyses, comprising 71 primary studies and 61,485 participants, were included. Across the included reviews, reported pooled prevalence estimates consistently clustered around 10%. Maternal anemia, chorioamnionitis, prolonged labor, prolonged rupture of membranes, vertical skin incision, and general anesthesia were the determinants most consistently associated with increased surgical site infection risk following cesarean section. Methodological quality varied across reviews (five high quality and 2 moderate quality), and substantial heterogeneity with slight overlap among primary studies was identified.ConclusionThe available evidence indicates that surgical site infection remains an important maternal health concern following cesarean section in Africa. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because of heterogeneity and methodological limitations within the existing evidence base. Strengthening evidence-based perioperative infection prevention, standardized surgical site infection surveillance, and high-quality multicounty prospective research are important priorities.

Latinx patients possess a rich cultural background and shared heritage; they also possess culturally distinct medical beliefs and practices, including beliefs around mental health and interactions with mental health systems. Most forms of psychotherapy were not developed for Latinx populations, and the efficacy of existing and novel forms of psychotherapy in Latinx patients as a group has received precious little study. In this study, we review psychotherapy and telepsychotherapy interventions for Latinx patients with mental health disorders. We conducted a literature review applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, using search criteria involving terms such as "Hispanic," "Latinx," "psychotherapy," and "telepsychiatry." We selected peer-reviewed articles on psychotherapeutic interventions within U.S.-based Latinx populations and excluded studies that summarized existing findings, had limited generalizability, or involved treatments outside the study's scope. Using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE Ovid databases, we identified 45 articles for our final review. We examined the efficacy of these treatments across depressive, anxious, and other psychiatric disorders in U.S. Hispanic participants to establish both areas of strength in current approaches and areas of ongoing need for improvement. Evidence surrounding therapy and teletherapy in Latinx patients has focused on reducing the burdens of depression, anxiety, and substance use. Culturally adapted behavioral therapies, delivered both in-person and remotely, are the most studied forms of therapy in these populations. Comparative effectiveness studies have been limited, with many studies reporting simple pre-post differences and differences versus status quo or waitlist controls. Limited evidence shows that teletherapy can expand access for rural and limited English proficiency groups and be cost-effective compared with in-person care. The current evidence base around psychotherapy in Latinx patients supports culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)/behavioral therapies, delivered in-person and via telehealth, as effective, acceptable, and often cost-effective for Latinx populations across depression, anxiety/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorders, and substance use. Other forms of psychotherapy have also shown promise but are less well studied. Across conditions and interventions, family involvement and targeted cultural adaptations appear to improve both engagement and outcomes.

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) may be overlooked when serum glucose is near normal. A 68-year-old woman with long-standing type 2 diabetes developed approximately three weeks of nausea, intermittent vomiting and diarrhea, and minimal oral intake after semaglutide initiation at 0.25 mg once weekly for four weeks followed by 0.5 mg once weekly. Patient and family medication reconciliation indicated that she had stopped empagliflozin, metformin, and pioglitazone approximately two weeks before presentation but continued semaglutide, with the last dose approximately eight days before admission. She presented with weakness, dyspnea, slowed speech, and disorientation. Initial testing showed glucose 132 mg/dL, venous pH 7.13, bicarbonate 9 mmol/L, anion gap 26 mmol/L, and beta-hydroxybutyrate 99.5 mg/dL. She improved with intravenous crystalloid, dextrose-containing fluids, insulin infusion, and electrolyte replacement. The temporal association is consistent with a clinically plausible contribution from semaglutide-associated gastrointestinal intolerance and carbohydrate depletion to EDKA despite reported prior empagliflozin discontinuation. Normal glucose should not delay ketone and acid-base testing when compatible symptoms and poor intake are present.

Trigeminal neuralgia arising from an intracranial tumor is uncommon but therapeutically distinctive because the responsible lesion is simultaneously the generator of facial pain and an independent oncological problem. When anatomically feasible, microsurgical treatment remains the preferred approach for achieving rapid, deep, and durable pain relief, particularly when decompression of the trigeminal nerve can be achieved. However, a clinically important subset of patients may be unsuitable for open surgery because of age, fitness, comorbidity, tumor anatomy, or operative risk, while others may decline surgical intervention. For these patients, radiosurgery alone represents an important noninvasive treatment strategy, although its role in pain control differs from its well-established role in tumor control. This narrative review synthesizes a purposively assembled core evidence base of 14 studies comprising comparative cohorts reporting both microsurgical and radiosurgical arms, contemporary radiosurgical series reporting pain outcomes by target, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesizing either modality. The review examines tumor control and pain relief as separate therapeutic endpoints and defines what the available literature does and does not permit to be concluded. Pain outcomes are reported using each source's own threshold and are not converted between scales, and overlapping cohorts are identified and never aggregated. Across comparative cohorts and secondary pooled analyses, microsurgery was associated with a higher proportion of favorable pain outcomes and, in one meta-analysis, a longer median time to pain recurrence, with equivalent tumor control, principally in petroclival and petrous apex meningioma. Radiosurgery achieves excellent tumor control but more modest, delayed, and attenuating pain relief. Its principal role is therefore not to replace microsurgical treatment in otherwise suitable surgical candidates but to provide a noninvasive option when surgery is unsuitable, carries substantial anatomical or medical risk, or is declined. Radiosurgical pain relief cannot be explained solely by tumor volume reduction, and its mechanism remains unresolved. The characteristic radiosurgical complication is trigeminal sensory dysfunction, which is frequently permanent. Outcome definitions varied between studies, the cohorts were not independent, and none of the comparisons was randomized; therefore, observed associations cannot be interpreted as causal and may be influenced by confounding by indication. The optimal radiosurgical target remains unresolved, with every combined-target series comprising fewer than 20 patients. Anatomy-driven individualized selection, incorporating tumor-nerve relationships, surgical candidacy, nerve visibility, and the feasibility of alternative or staged treatment, remains the most defensible current approach.