Climate change and escalating biotic pressures, particularly stripe (yellow) rust, present major challenges to sustainable wheat production in India and globally. To enhance genetic diversity and introduce novel variations, this study utilized mutation breeding by subjecting seeds of the popular wheat variety DBW88 to gamma irradiation. Following rigorous selection through successive generations, twenty promising mutant lines alongside their parent and commercial checks (HD2967, HD3086, WH1105) were evaluated over three consecutive crop seasons under multi-environment trials. The genotypes were screened for different agronomic traits and field resistance against yellow rust using Adult Plant Resistance (APR) and Seedling Resistance Tests (SRT). Phenotypic stability and genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) were analyzed via Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) models, GGE biplots, and superiority index, while molecular diversity was assessed using Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) SNP markers. The results revealed highly significant effects of genotype, environment, and GEI on grain yield. Thus, the use of gamma radiation is effective in improving the desirable traits, including grain yield. The mutant line DTWM-16 exhibited the highest baseline superiority and yield stability across environments, followed closely by check WH1105 and mutant DTWM-15. Under stressful environments, DTWM-08 and DTWM-16 demonstrated exceptional localized adaptation. Disease screening revealed that 34% of the mutants (including DTWM-03 and DTWM-08) achieved complete rust immunity, successfully breaking the high susceptibility of the parental line DBW88. Furthermore, molecular profiling indicated a narrow overall genetic base, conserving elite parental structures; however, mutants DTWM-10 and DTWM-14 emerged as distinct, highly divergent outliers with unique allelic combinations and heterozygosity patches. In conclusion, this study confirms that induced mutagenesis effectively balances yield stability and robust disease resistance. It is suggested that these traits can be improved beyond the performance of corresponding traits in their parent genotypes. Elite mutants like DTWM-08 and DTWM-16 are excellent candidates for regional cultivation, while divergent mutant lines DTWM-10 and DTWM-14 provide valuable genetic resources for future hybridization panels to broaden the wheat gene pool. The newly produced mutants can also be used to explore the genetic mechanisms of complex traits in the future.

Nilotinib is reported to have a reduced maximal drug concentration (Cmax) in patients with hepatic impairment (HI). Given this compound is poorly soluble, highly lipophilic and has a positive food effect, reduced absorption in HI may be due to impaired micelle-mediated solubility resulting from reduced intestinal bile salts. PBPK modelling can be used to test this hypothesis as well as being a diagnostic tool to elucidate other potential mechanisms not captured by the base model. In this study, a mechanistic PBPK model for nilotinib was developed and its performance was evaluated in HI patients. A 'learn-and-confirm' approach was taken, using clinical food effect data to validate the model's mechanistic sensitivity to bile salt-mediated solubility. The final model recovered clinical studies well, with area-under-the-curve (AUC) and Cmax being within 0.8 - 1.25-fold for fasted studies and 1.5-fold for fed/fasted ratios. AUC and Cmax were well recovered in mild HI (within 0.8 - 1.25-fold) and reasonably well recovered in moderate HI (within twofold) but significantly overpredicted in severe HI (> twofold). Bile salt concentrations were reduced across gastrointestinal segments for moderate and severe HI in line with in vitro data. Following twofold and 2.5-fold reductions in bile salts in moderate and severe HI, respectively, sensitivity was minor. Given uncertainty around the fugut, this was reduced to better recover the Cmax (within two-fold). PBPK modelling can be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate impaired mechanisms in HI.

The rapid expansion of the biopharmaceutical industry, driven by monoclonal antibodies, cell and gene therapies, and mRNA vaccines, demands a workforce equipped with interdisciplinary knowledge, practical competence, and critical thinking. Traditional lecture-based instruction in Biotechnology Pharmaceutics usually falls short in cultivating these attributes. This narrative review, drawing on a structured synthesis of recent literature (2015-2026) and the authors' 10 years of front-line teaching experience, addresses the following research question: What pedagogical innovations hold the greatest promise for transforming biopharmaceutics education, and what are their respective evidence bases, implementation challenges, and pathways to scalability? It examines problem-based and case-based learning, flipped classrooms, virtual simulation, industry-academia integration, and curriculum ideological and ethical education. The review evaluates the strengths, implementation challenges, and evidence of effectiveness for each innovation, identifying three key dimensions of analysis: pedagogical effectiveness, implementation feasibility, and scalability. The findings indicate that while short-term cognitive and motivational gains are well-documented across all five strategies, longitudinal evidence and systemic adoption frameworks remain critically underdeveloped. The review is limited by the predominantly short-term, single-institution nature of the available evidence base and the scarcity of studies examining implementation fidelity across diverse institutional contexts. Accordingly, the paper highlights areas requiring further faculty development, institutional support, and proposes a concrete five-component framework for future longitudinal research to address these evidence gaps. It concludes that an integrated and student-centered ecosystem combining multiple active pedagogies, authentic experiential learning, and robust digital tools represents the most promising path forward, contingent on sustained institutional commitment and systematic scaling strategies.

Improving feed efficiency is a major goal in rabbit production, as feed costs account for over 60% of total expenses. This study evaluated the genetic responses of three group-housed rabbit lines selected according to alternative criteria for feed efficiency, all of which accounted for social interaction effects: average daily gain under feed restriction (ADGR), cage-level residual feed intake under ad libitum feeding (GRP) and individual residual feed intake under ad libitum feeding (RFI). The control population (X) originated from vitrified embryos of the base population (the Caldes line after four generations of mating without selection), from which the selection lines were established. After seven generations, 3 083 animals were evaluated under three feeding systems (conventional, electronic, and individual cages). BW was recorded at 38 and 58 days, and feed intake was monitored during the control period. Data were analysed using a multivariate Bayesian approach, and genetic responses were estimated by comparing selected lines with the control. Results showed clear differences across criteria: GRP rabbits consistently consumed less feed (-13.7 to -17.8 g/d; marginal posterior probability of being greater than zero, Pr(>0) = 0) and grew more slowly (-3.5 to -3.9 g/d; Pr(>0) = 0); nevertheless, they achieved improved efficiency, with the strongest effect under electronic feeders (ΔFCR = -0.15; Pr(>0) = 0). RFI rabbits also reduced intake (-4.6 g/d; Pr(>0) = 0.03) with electronic feeders) and growth (-1.2 g/d; Pr(>0) = 0.05); however, this did not result in a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio. ADGR rabbits showed less consistent outcomes, with slightly higher growth under conventional feeding (+0.76 g/d; Pr(>0) = 0.91) but higher feed intake (+9.7 g/d; Pr(>0) = 1), leading to a deterioration in the feed conversion ratio (+0.15 g/g; Pr(>0) = 0.98). Records from individually housed animals were less informative due to a smaller sample size. Overall, the GRP criterion emerged as the most promising strategy, reducing feed intake and improving efficiency, although at the expense of growth. Electronic feeders were essential for accurate intake recording in group housing and better reflected commercial conditions than individual cages. In conclusion, alternative selection criteria produced distinct genetic responses, with GRP selection offering the greatest potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability in rabbit production systems.

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) encompasses a broad disease spectrum, and the management landscape has expanded considerably over the past two decades. This review synthesizes the current evidence on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in axSpA, addressing both symptom control and radiographic outcomes across drug classes and patient contexts.