Transition metal-modified Cu-based catalysts have attracted interest for H2S catalytic desulfurization, yet the roles of oxygen species and transition metal promoters in radical-mediated mechanisms remain unclear. Here, Cu-based catalysts modified with ZnO, NiO, or Fe2O3 were synthesized and evaluated via dynamic desulfurization experiments, multi-technique characterization, and DFT calculations. Although the three samples generated abundant ·OH species, Fe2O3/Al2O3 exhibited negligible desulfurization activity, whereas NiO/Al2O3 and ZnO/Al2O3 showed notable catalytic performance. Multi-technique characterization confirmed that amorphous oxygen in the disordered structure induced by Cu/Ni/Zn oxide doping is indispensable for the ·OH-driven reactions; without it, no catalytic desulfurization occurred. ZnO and NiO promoted Cu2+ → Cu+ reduction, increased oxygen vacancies (VOs) concentration, enhanced ·OH content, and created moderate-strength basic sites, collectively facilitating the efficient oxidation of HS- by ·OH anchored on the amorphous oxygen. In contrast, although Fe2O3 doping more effectively enhanced the ·OH content in Cu-based catalysts, it reduced the amorphous oxygen content and its strong H2S affinity blocked the active Cu sites, thereby suppressing catalytic activity. This work establishes that high desulfurization efficiency requires the simultaneous optimization of the four factors: the sufficient amorphous oxygen, the high VOs concentration, the abundant ·OH, and the appropriate basic sites, while avoiding dopants with excessive H2S adsorption strength. These insights provide a rational design framework for non-structured, radical-driven desulfurization catalysts operating under ambient conditions.

Myocardial injury, induced experimentally using Isoprenaline (ISP), involves severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage. The present study compared the cardioprotective effects of Ivabradine (IVB), an If channel antagonist, and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor, against ISP-induced myocardial injury. Rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): Control (saline), ISP (150 mg/kg i.p. for 2 days), NAC (100 mg/kg/day oral for 14 days + ISP), IVB (5 mg/kg/day oral for 14 days + ISP), and NAC + IVB. Myocardial injury was assessed by measuring serum creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (CTnI), and cardiac tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH). qRT-PCR was performed for the expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Haemoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for Caspase-3 (apoptosis) and VEGF were performed. The ISP group showed markedly elevated CK-MB and CTnI, significant oxidative stress (highest MDA, lowest GSH), IL-6 upregulation, suppressed antioxidant defense (Nrf2/HO-1 downregulation), and extensive tissue damage (fibrosis, elevated Caspase-3). While single treatments offered significant protection, the co-administration of NAC and IVB demonstrated superior, synergistic efficacy. In conclusion, the combined therapy of NAC and IVB offers cardioprotection by maximally boosting the antioxidant defense system, suppressing inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis.

Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a congenital hamartoma that may give rise to a wide spectrum of benign and malignant adnexal neoplasms, although malignant transformation is uncommon. We report a case of low- and intermediate-grade apocrine intraductal carcinoma arising in a NS of Jadassohn in a 93-year-old woman. Histopathologic examination demonstrated an intraductal apocrine neoplasm with solid and cribriform architecture, focal comedonecrosis, and an intact surrounding myoepithelial cell layer highlighted by p63 and CK5/6 immunostaining. The neoplastic cells expressed CK7, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and androgen receptor, whereas estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 were negative. The lesion was associated with basal cell carcinoma, trichoblastoma, and apocrine hidrocystoma within the same NS. The morphologic and immunophenotypic findings closely parallel those of mammary apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ, supporting the concept that analogous neoplastic transformation may occur in cutaneous apocrine ducts. This case expands the spectrum of malignant neoplasms arising in NS and contributes to the limited literature on this exceptionally rare entity. Gemini ha dicho.

Non-Markovian noise, arising from environmental memory effects, is the most general and challenging form of noise in quantum computing, and is typically difficult to characterize and suppress. Here, we analyze and experimentally demonstrate a non-Markovian noise suppression scheme inspired by quantum purification protocols. We theoretically prove that, even without noise calibration and assumptions on specific noise models, the scheme can exponentially reduce non-Markovian error rates with respect to the ancillary system size. We implement the protocol using nuclear spins, demonstrating that non-Markovian noise can be suppressed for both unitary operations and nonunitary channels. The observed fidelities and process tomography show close agreement with theoretical predictions, confirming the practicality and effectiveness of the scheme.

The intensification of climate change has led to frequent extreme flooding events, which threaten plant growth and food security. Studying the molecular mechanisms underlying plant flooding resistance is crucial for germplasm improvement. Distylium chinense, a perennial shrub found in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, has both strong flooding tolerance and high ornamental value, making it an ideal material for studying plant flooding resistance mechanisms. By integrating multiple sequencing technologies, we assembled a high-quality 917 Mb near telomere-to-telomere genome of D. chinense with a contig N50 size of 73 Mb, representing the first high-quality genome of the Hamamelidaceae family. Whole-genome duplication analysis revealed that D. chinense experienced gamma events that are common to those of core eudicots. In addition, this study revealed three different flooding stress response stages in D. chinense, namely, the acute stress period, the outbreak period, and the long-term adaptation period. Among these, the outbreak period could be an important turning point, during which D. chinense switches from survival mode to adaptation mode. This study also revealed that the expression of the group VII ethylene-responsive factor (ERF-VII) gene g3958 was significantly upregulated under flooding stress and that this gene can be directly activated by the AtWRKY33-homologous gene g19705. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis, a potential dual pathway regulatory model between MKK9 and ERF-VII was further proposed. This study provides important genetic resources for improving flood-resistant germplasms and further contributes to the protection and restoration of the ecosystem in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Rodents have provided insight to specific aspects of neural organization including morphology, function, development, and evolution in mammalian species. The superior colliculus (SC) also referred to as rostral colliculus has been studied in several mammals, including nonhuman primates. The SC has been considered a visual motor integration center of the CNS. Under-explored species such as the African Grasscutter (AGC), a semi nocturnal rodent species, exhibits peculiar SC-regulated behaviors in the wild including arrest and freezing abilities in response to predators. This study morphologically assessed differences in the SC of adult and juvenile AGCs. Six AGCs (adult/ juvenile, n= 3) were procured for this study. Brains were harvested and morphologic characteristics including histology, histometry (pyramidal soma size and perimeter) and cell distribution in the SC of AGCs were assessed and quantified. Data obtained were analyzed using GraphPad Prism and computer running imaging software (AmScope and ImageJ, USA). Comparison of morphologic characteristics of SC revealed similarities and variations between the AGCs age groups: SC presented with similar histoarchitectural organization; pyramidal cell soma characteristics and cell distribution showed a significant (p<0.05) difference between the AGCs with higher mean value in the juvenile. This study has demonstrated a basic histoarchitectural organization of the superior colliculus in adult and juvenile African Grasscutter; thus, points to conserved architectural organization across rodent species. Observed differences could be attributed to variations in cellular functionality with response to developmental neurogenesis and synaptic refinement between the rodents. Findings are of potential benefit in understanding neurodevelopmental variations that influence functional capabilities across different age group.

Permethrin (PM) is a synthetic type 1 pyrethroid insecticide, and excessive exposure can cause a wide range of toxicity. This study evaluated the activities of sesame seed oil (SSO) on the testicular histology and male reproductive parameters in permethrin-induced toxicity in adult Wistar rats. Forty (40) adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four (4) groups of 10 animals each. Group A received 0.5 ml of normal saline; Group B was given feed mixed with 1,000 mg/kg of 0.6% permethrin; Group C received 5 ml/kg of sesame seed oil, and Group D received feed mixed with 1,000 mg/kg of 0.6% permethrin and 5 ml/kg of sesame seed oil. All treatment was done daily for 4 weeks using an oral cannula. The animals were anesthetized and transcardially perfused with normal saline and 10% buffered formalin. The testis was processed for tissue histology, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were assayed. Furthermore, sperm count, motility, morphology, and viability were evaluated using the caudal epididymis. The result showed reduced body weight and testicular weight in the permethrin (PM) group. There was a reduction in the level of semen parameters due to permethrin exposure. There was also a reduction in the level of testosterone, coupled with a high level of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the PM group. Permethrin disrupts endogenous antioxidants, and there were degenerative changes in the testicular histoarchitecture in the PM group. The sesame seed oil protected against oxidative damage in male Wistar rats. It regulated the hormonal profiles and improved the caudal epididymal sperm quality as well as improved testicular histoarchitectural integrity. This study showed that sesame seed oil improved testicular histoarchitecture and enhanced reproductive parameters in permethrin-induced testicular damage. Key words: Permethrin, Sesame seed oil, Glutathione, Testosterone, histoarchitecture.

Papain and Fucoidan are extracted enzymes that have gained recognition across food industry, pharmaceutical and digestive applications, but their comparative effects on Biliary flow rate and electrolytes are not known. Hence, this study compared the effects of papain and fucoidan on Biliary flow rate and electrolytes. Twenty (20) male albino Wistar rats weighing between 100g and 150g were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each as follows: Group I (Control group) were administered normal saline and had access to food and water ad libitum. Group II (Papain group) were administered with 800mg/kg body weight of the stock solution of papain and were allowed free access to food and water. Group III (Fucoidan group) was given 800mg/kg body weight of the stock solution of fucoidan plus food and water. Group IV (Metoclopramide group) was administered with 30mg/kg body weight of Metoclopramide stock solution plus food and water ad libitum. The administration lasted for a duration of 28 days. Bile was collected from the liver (hepatic duct) and was analyzed for bile flow rate and its composition. The results showed that papain significantly increased biliary sodium and chloride, reduced bicarbonate levels, and had no significant effect on bile flow rate compared to the control group. Fucoidan significant effect on Biliary sodium, chloride and bile flow rate when compared to the control group. These results conclude that the two compounds have regulatory, but not stimulatory effects on biliary secretion, which proves their hepatoprotective and stabilising effects.  Keywords: fucoidan, Papain, bile flow rate, biliary electrolyte.   Short running title: Modulation of Fucoidan and Papain on Biliary Parameter.

Anxiety disorders form one the most common type of mental illness and comprises of separation anxiety, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. These disorders offer considerable comorbidity with other mental disorders like depression, memory and learning deficit which all shows considerable seasonal variance. Seasonal changes have major impact on health of individuals' especially mental health. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an acetylated derivative of cysteine, and is considered as an antioxidant precursor to glutathione. It has been shown to ameliorate various types of mental disorders. This study investigated changes in anxiety-like behaviours in albino mice across different seasons in Nigeria and the modulatory role of NAC. The study was conducted across two seasons (cold dry and hot humid seasons) Nigeria. Forty (40) mice of both sexes (20/season) were used, divided into control (normal saline) and NAC (500mg/kg body weight) groups, respectively. All administration was done orally for one week and the rectal temperatures were measured. Behavioural test was conducted using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field Test under standard protocols for each season for a period of one week. The parameters for seasonal changes were also recorded. All analyses were done using Mixed ANOVA followed by Tukey's and Bonferroni's test, respectively and (P-values <0.05) were considered significant using SPSS version 22. The results of the study revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in anxiety-like behaviours in hot humid season and increased locomotive activity in cold dry season in male mice. Female mice were more susceptibility to anxiety in cold dry season, which was ameliorated by NAC. In conclusion, the study revealed that hot humid season have anxiogenic like effects, while cold dry season increased locomotive activities in male mice, demonstrating increase exploratory activity and decrease in level of anxiety. The study establishes the occurrence of anxiogenic-like behaviours in female mice in the cold dry season which was ameliorated by NAC administration. Key Words: Anxiety, Seasonal Variation, N-Acetyl Cysteine, Neurobehaviour Running Title: Seasonal variation and Anxiety-like behaviour.

The Anacardium occidentale nut is increasingly gaining attention due to its economic, nutritional value and biological properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory potential of Anacardium occidentale nut Methanol extract (AOME) in carrageenan-induced paw oedema and the carrageenan-induced air pouch models of inflammation. AOME (200 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced increase in paw volume and increase in paw size, respectively, at 5 hours post-carrageenan injection. In the carrageenan induced air pouch inflammation model, 200 mg/kg AOME significantly (P<0.05) reduced exudate volume, Total leucocyte count, Neutrophil cell count, Monocyte count and Lymphocyte count.  200 mg/kg AOME also reduced significantly MDA, Nitrite, TNF-α, IL-6, and significantly increased GSH and catalase levels. Anacardium occidentale nuts showed anti-inflammatory effects through reduction in lipid peroxidation and TNF-α and IL-6 activity, alongside amelioration of oxidative stress.

Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating fungal pathogen causing blast disease in rice and other crops, threatening global grain production and food security. Phenamacril (PHA) effectively inhibits Fusarium graminearum by targeting F. graminearum myosin I (FgMyoI). However, PHA shows limited activity against M. oryzae, despite the high sequence similarity between FgMyoI and M. oryzae myosin I (MoMyoI). Using our published PHA-FgMyoI complex structure as a template, we identified K378 in MoMyoI as a key determinant of insensitivity to PHA. Substitution of K378 with methionine, the corresponding residue in FgMyoI, markedly enhanced PHA-mediated inhibition of MoMyoI ATPase activity and improved PHA efficacy against M. oryzae. Guided by structure-based design, we synthesized PHA derivatives targeting MoMyoI. Among them, NJY-10 showed improved MoMyoI binding, ATPase inhibition, and protective efficacy against rice blast disease.