Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), yet its clinical and regulatory impact remains limited by variability, the lack of standardisation and metrics for quantification, and slow clinical translation. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers unique opportunities to overcome these barriers through automated segmentation, quantitative feature extraction, and multimodal data integration. The AutoPiX consortium seeks to design and validate machine-learning-driven imaging pipelines to expedite the translation of imaging data into quantitative biomarkers, facilitate their systematic characterisation, and promote their use in enhancing patient stratification and bringing imaging-based endpoints closer to regulatory endorsement in clinical trials. This paper outlines unmet needs, the potential translational impact of AI in RMDs and the perspectives of key stakeholders, including clinicians, patients, regulators, and industry partners. We call for harmonised imaging protocols, large-scale imaging datasets, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and early regulatory engagement to realise the transformative potential of AI-enhanced imaging biomarkers.

A search for supersymmetric electroweakinos is performed using events with a low-momentum (soft) isolated track and large missing transverse momentum, targeting nearly mass-degenerate higgsinolike charginos and neutralinos. For mass splittings of 0.3-1 GeV, the chargino decays to the lightest neutralino and a low-momentum pion, which can produce a soft, potentially displaced track. A parametrized neural network separates signal from background using kinematic and impact parameter information. The analysis uses 138 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector. No significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed. At 95% confidence level, the considered higgsino model is excluded for mass splittings in the range 0.28-1.15 GeV and for chargino masses up to 185 GeV, setting stringent constraints on natural supersymmetry scenarios.

A search is presented for the production of two additional Higgs bosons from an off-shell Z boson, where both additional particles decay to τ lepton pairs. The search is performed with a data sample collected with the CMS detector from proton-proton collisions at the LHC at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{-1}. No deviation from the standard model background is observed. Exclusion limits are set on the type-X two-Higgs-doublet model alignment scenario. These results exclude previously unexplored regions of parameter space and provide constraints complementary to those from earlier searches.

This Letter presents a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair (HH) production performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations using proton-proton collision datasets recorded at sqrt[s]=13 TeV during the Large Hadron Collider Run 2, corresponding to integrated luminosities ranging between 126 and 140 fb^{-1}. The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the total HH signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured cross section to the standard model (SM) prediction, corresponds to 2.5, with an expected value of 1.7 (2.8) assuming the absence (presence) of the SM HH signal. The strength of the HH signal is measured to be 0.8_{-0.7}^{+0.9} relative to the SM prediction. The observed significance is found to be 1.1 standard deviations whereas 1.3 are expected for the SM HH signal. Constraints are set on the Higgs boson trilinear self-coupling and on the couplings of two Higgs bosons to two vector bosons, both normalized to the SM predictions and denoted as κ_{λ} and κ_{2V}, respectively. The observed individual constraints at the 95% confidence level are -0.71<κ_{λ}<6.1 and 0.73<κ_{2V}<1.3, while the expected constraints assuming the presence of the SM HH signal are -1.3<κ_{λ}<6.7 and 0.66<κ_{2V}<1.4.

Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative, ubiquitous bacterium that may infect many animal species as well as humans. In this study, transmission of C. burnetii during an outbreak of abortions in a herd of Finnish forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) in a Dutch zoo was investigated. Diagnostic sampling showed positive C. burnetii antigen detection with qPCR from vaginal swabs and positive C. burnetii serology (ELISA) in all cases of abortion (4/4) and in one animal after normal parturition. Placental tissue (n = 2) and fetal liver tissue (n = 1) retrieved after two abortions were positive for C. burnetii infection by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Histological staining revealed the presence of C. burnetii in the placenta, indicating infection. Follow-up diagnostic approaches were aimed toward isolation, strain typing, and molecular analysis. Direct sequencing from placental tissue resulted in a full genome and plasmid sequence. Whole-genome sequence analysis, including multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), resulted in similarities with a C. burnetii strain previously found in cattle. A One Health approach was implemented, guiding efforts to prevent and monitor human Q fever following potential exposure to C. burnetii. No human Q fever cases were reported, and additional serological testing of exposed zoo personnel showed no indications of infection. This article describes the first documented case of clinical abortions caused by C. burnetii in Finnish forest reindeer, offering new insights into coxiellosis in non-domestic animals and highlighting lessons to inform future preparedness and response.

A search for Higgs boson (H) production in association with two vector bosons (V=W, Z) via vector-boson scattering (VBS) is presented using proton-proton collision data collected at sqrt[s]=13 TeV by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{-1}. Events containing two forward jets consistent with VBS, a large-radius jet from the decay of a boosted H to a pair of b quarks, and zero, one, or two charged leptons coming from V decays are selected. The process is excluded at 95% confidence level for observed (expected) values of the VVHH coupling modifier κ_{2V} outside the interval 0.40<κ_{2V}<1.60 (0.34<κ_{2V}<1.66), assuming standard model values for all other couplings, thus establishing a novel probe of the VVHH interaction. Constraints are also set on the individual κ_{2W} and κ_{2Z} coupling modifiers and on the allowed region in the κ_{2W}-κ_{2Z} plane.

Evidence of the production of two Z bosons and a photon in proton-proton collisions is reported for the first time in CMS. The analysis uses data collected by the CMS experiment between 2016 and 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{-1}. Evidence for the process pp→ZZγ→4ℓγ (ℓ=e, μ), with an observed (expected) significance of 3.7 (3.1) standard deviations in a fiducial region defined by p_{T}^{γ}>20 GeV, |η^{γ}|<2.4, ΔR(ℓ,γ)>0.5, m_{Z} between 60 and 120 GeV, and the invariant mass of either of the two Z bosons combined with the photon (m_{Z_{γ}}) larger than 100 GeV, is reported. The measured (predicted) fiducial cross section is 60_{-22}^{+27} ab (47.56±0.04 ab). Additionally, the inclusive production of pp→4ℓγ is studied by removing the m_{Z_{γ}} requirement to include final state radiation where one Z boson decays to 2ℓγ, yielding an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.2) standard deviations and a measured (predicted) fiducial cross section of 156_{-35}^{+39} ab (99.97±0.09 ab).

The long-range collective flow of particles produced in oxygen-oxygen (O+O) and neon-neon (Ne+Ne) collisions is measured with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data samples were collected at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV, with integrated luminosities of 7 nb^{-1} and 0.8 nb^{-1} for O+O and Ne+Ne collisions, respectively. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations are measured over nearly five units of pseudorapidity. Significant elliptic (v_{2}) and triangular (v_{3}) flow harmonics are observed in both systems. The ratios of v_{n} coefficients between Ne+Ne and O+O collisions suggest sensitivity to the intrinsic nuclear structure of the respective Ne and O ions. Hydrodynamic models with ab initio nuclear structure inputs qualitatively reproduce the collision-overlap dependence of both the v_{n} values and the Ne+Ne to O+O ratios. These measurements provide new constraints when modeling the interplay of nuclear structure and collective dynamics in collisions of ^{16}O and ^{20}Ne ions, respectively.

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a potentially fatal blood transfusion complication that is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema within 6 hours post-transfusion. Specific therapies are not available, thus understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms is essential. Currently, our understanding of the TRALI pathophysiology is based on a 2-hit requirement. The first hit constitutes a priming of the immune system associated with systemic inflammation. The second hit comes through transfused antibodies reactive against recipient leukocytes and/or endothelium, or biological response modifiers. Interestingly, recent case reports suggest a so far underrecognized occurrence of TRALI by a reverse mechanism in the presence of leukoreduced products. In this so called "reverse TRALI," preexisting recipient antibodies react with transfused components such as cells or soluble antigens, triggering pulmonary endothelial cell damage culminating in pulmonary edema through predominantly unknown and unexplored mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the published literature with suspected reverse TRALI cases, consisting of 11 clinical reports of 25 patients in total (1976-2022). Remarkably, we observed a trend in reverse TRALI cases attributed to granulocyte transfusions in 13 out of 25 cases (52%). The pathomechanisms of reverse TRALI are largely uninvestigated. To start shedding light on this, we furthermore propose several potential mechanisms for reverse TRALI based on literature. We have stratified on transfused soluble antigens, in relation to recipient cells such as polymorphonuclear leucocytes, macrophages/monocytes, and to pathogenic processes including antibody-Fc mediated complement activation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our hypothesized pathomechanisms of reverse TRALI are a starting point to investigate this transfusion complication, with potential diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic implications.

Energetic quarks and gluons traversing a hot and dense quark-gluon plasma deposit energy and momentum into the medium before hadronizing to collimated sprays of particles, known as jets. This energy-momentum deposition is expected to produce medium responses, collectively known as jet wakes, with "diffusion wake" denoting a depletion of particles in the direction opposite to the propagating jet. The diffusion wake is studied by comparing dijet-hadron correlations measured in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions. The analysis uses PbPb and pp data recorded at a nucleon-nucleon (NN) center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. By exploring how the dijet-hadron correlation distributions differ for various pseudorapidity separations of the two jets in the dijet, the presence of a jet diffusion wake is firmly established. The diffusion wake signal has a significance greater than 5 standard deviations for charged particles in the transverse momentum range 1<p_{T}<2 GeV. The measurements are compared with model predictions with and without jet wake effects, providing new insights into quark-gluon plasma properties and the formation of jet-induced wakes.